Abstract
Artifacts, architecture and other remains of human use and adaptations to environmentally-defined landscapes are generally termed cultural landscapes. These are often buried and difficult to find and study, especially over broad areas. Geophysical tools, when accompanied by and correlated to information obtained from excavations is one way to expand knowledge of human activities over these large areas. Ground-penetrating radar can produce images in two and three-dimensions that define geological and anthropogenic units and features if those materials in the ground generate radar reflections from layer surfaces. The composition and extent of those materials is often discernable using magnetometer analysis, as that method produces images and discrete measurements of differences in the magnetic properties of some of the units that reflect radar energy. If the two methods are merged and evaluated in small areas first, where much can be determined about units and features of interest, this information can be projected over a wide area in order to understand broad natural landscapes and human activities in the past that occurred on and within them.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Becker H (2015) Duo-and quadro-sensor configuration for high speed/high resolution magnetic prospecting with caesium magnetometer. Monum Sites 6:20–25
Bruno D, Julian T (2008) Landscape archaeology: introduction. In: Bruno D, Thomas J (eds) Handbook of landscape archaeology. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp 27–43
Burks J, Cook RA (2011) Beyond Squier and Davis: rediscovering Ohio’s earthworks using geophysical remote sensing. Am Antiq 76:667–689
Butzer KW (1971) Environment and Archeology: An Ecological Approach to Prehistory. Aldine Publications Co., New York
Campana S, Piro S (2008) Seeing the unseen. Geophysics and landscape archaeology. Taylor and Francis, London
Campana S, Dabas M, Marasco L, Piro S, Samuner D (2009) Integration of remote sensing, geophysical surveys and archaeological excavation for the study of a medieval mound (Tuscany, Italy). Archaeol Prospect 16:167–176
Conyers LB (1995) The use of ground-penetrating radar to map the buried structures and landscape of the Ceren Site, El Salvador. Geoarchaeology 10:275–299
Conyers LB (2006) Ground-penetrating Radar. In: Johnson JK (eds) Remote sensing in archaeology: a north american perspective. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, pp 131–160
Conyers LB (2011) Discovery, mapping and interpretation of buried cultural resources non-invasively with ground-penetrating radar. J Geophys Eng 8:13–22
Conyers LB (2012) Interpreting ground-penetrating radar for archaeology. Taylor and Francis Group, New York, Routledge
Conyers LB (2013) Ground-penetrating radar for archaeology, 3rd edn. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Alta Mira Press, Latham, Maryland
Conyers LB (2015) Analysis and interpretation of GPR datasets for integrated archaeological mapping: multiple GPR datasets for integrated archaeological mapping. J Near-Surface Geophys 31:2241–2262
Creekmore A (2010) The structure of upper Mesopotamian cities: insight from fluxgate gradiometer survey at Kazane Höyük, southeastern Turkey. Archaeol Prospect 17:73–88
Gaffney C, Gater J (2003) Revealing the buried past: geophysics for archaeologists. Tempus Publishing, Stroud, U.K
Gaffney C, Gaffney V, Neubauer W, Baldwin E, Chapman H, Garwood P, Moulden H, Sparrow T, Bates R, Löcker K, Hinterleitner A (2012) The Stonehenge hidden landscapes project. Archaeol Prospect 147–155
Gallo D, Ciminale M, Becker HB, Masini N (2009) Remote sensing techniques for reconstructing a vast Neolithic settlement in Southern Italy. J Archaeol Sci 36:43–50
Johnson JK, Haley BS (2004) Multiple sensor applications in archaeological geophysics. In: Meynart R, Neeck SP, Simoda H, Lurie JB, Aten ML (eds) Proceedings of SPIE, sensors, systems and next generation satellites VII, vol 5234. SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, pp 688–697
Keay SJ, Parcak SH, Strutt KD (2014) High resolution space and ground-based remote sensing and implications for landscape archaeology: the case from Portus, Italy. J Archaeol Sci 52:277–292
Kvamme KL (2001) Current practices in archaeogeophyics. In: Earth sciences and archaeology. Springer, US, New York, pp 353–384
Kvamme KL (2003) Geophysical surveys as landscape archaeology. Am Antiq 68:435–457
Kvamme KL (2006) Integrating multidimensional geophysical data. Archaeol Prospect 13:57–72
Kvamme KL, Ernenwein EG, Hargrave ML, Sever T, Harmon D, Limp F, Howell B, Koons M, Tullis J (2006) New approaches to the use and integration of multi-sensor remote sensing for historic resource identification and evaluation. Report of SERDP Project, SI-1263, Washington D.C
Lockyear K, Shlasko E (2016) Under the park. recent geophysical surveys at Verulamium St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK. Archaeol Prospect 24:17–36
Piro S, Paolo M, Cammarano F (2000) Quantitative integration of geophysical methods for archaeological prospection. Archaeol Prospect 7:203–213
Sarris A, Papadopoulos N, Agapiou A, Salvi MC, Hadjimitsis DG, Parkinson WA, Yerkes RW, Gyucha A, Duffy PR (2013) Integration of geophysical surveys, ground hyperspectral measurements, aerial and satellite imagery for archaeological prospection of prehistoric sites: the case study of Vésztő-Mágor Tell, Hungary. J Archaeol Sci 40:1454–1470
Stone JR, Schafer JP, Lond EH, DiGiacomo-Cohen ML, Lewis RS, Thompson WB (2005) Quaternary geologic map of Connecticut and long island sound basin. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Geological and Natural History Survey, Washington D.C
Trinks I, Johansson B, Gustafsson J, Emilsson J, Friborg J, Gustafsson C, Nissen J, Hinterleitner A (2010) Efficient, large-scale archaeological prospection using a true three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar array system. Archaeol Prospect 17:175–186
Verdonck L, Simpson D, Cornelis WM, Plyson A, Bourgeois J, Doctor R, van Meirvenne M (2009) Ground‐penetrating radar survey over bronze age circular monuments on a sandy soil, complemented with electromagnetic induction and fluxgate gradiometer data. Archaeol Prospect 16:193–202
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Conyers, L.B. (2018). Introduction. In: Ground-penetrating Radar and Magnetometry for Buried Landscape Analysis. SpringerBriefs in Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70890-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70890-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70889-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70890-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)