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Turkey’s Multistakeholder Diplomacy: From a Middle Power Angle

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Middle Powers in Global Governance

Abstract

Turkish diplomacy fits into middle power approaches. As a good international citizen, it performs as a “go-between” for international coalition-building and creates regional bridging alignments with similar-minded powers. It also utilizes international organizations to amplify its influence. Multistakeholder diplomacy puts an extra layer to this modus operandi. Turkey as a middle power has been performing multistakeholder diplomacy in four major “neighboring” areas: Africa, the Middle East, Balkans, and south Caucasus. This chapter analyzes how multistakeholder diplomacy could be a complementary extra layer to middle power diplomacy. Turkey’s efforts in the last decade give a clear example of what types of complex agendas have been dealt with by multistakeholder diplomacy. It also elaborates the tools Turkey has been utilizing and theoretically relabels Turkish diplomatic efforts within multistakeholder diplomacy.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Non-state actors in multistakeholder diplomacy are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as non-profit voluntary citizen’s groups; multinational corporations (MNCs) as profit-oriented business organizations operating for profit in three or more countries; think tanks and universities, epistemic communities, or policy networks, as the groups of experts sharing views on the cause-and-effect of a phenomenon; trade union organizations, at the national or international level; international media organizations like the CNN and Al Jazeera; religious groups such as the Roman Catholic Church; transnational diaspora communities, that is, Irish and Jewish; local, national, internationally operating political parties; violent non-state actors such as armed groups, pirates, criminal organizations, and terrorist organizations, such as Al Qaida; and nationally and internationally prominent private individuals, that is, George Soros together with former political leaders.

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  1. Department of International Relations, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey

    Gürol Baba

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  1. Faculty of Political Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Emel Parlar Dal

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Baba, G. (2018). Turkey’s Multistakeholder Diplomacy: From a Middle Power Angle. In: Parlar Dal, E. (eds) Middle Powers in Global Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72365-5_4

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