Abstract
Accurate boundary delineation and segmentation of pathological spines is indispensable in spine-related applications that rely on the knowledge of vertebral shape. However, exact vertebral boundaries are often difficult to determine due to articulation of vertebrae with each other that may cause vertebral overlaps in segmentations of adjacent vertebrae. To solve this problem, we propose a novel method that consists of two steps. In the first step, the probability maps that determine vertebral boundaries are obtained from a two-way convolutional neural network, trained on normal thoracolumbar spines. In the second step, a collision-based model that consists of (at least two) consecutive vertebra mesh models is initialized close to the observed vertebrae and vertices of each mesh are displaced towards the detected boundaries. As this can lead to mesh collisions in the form of vertices of one mesh penetrating the adjacent one (and/or vice versa), these vertices are efficiently detected and then driven out of the adjacent mesh while locally preserving the shape of the corresponding mesh. By applying the proposed method to 15 three-dimensional computed tomography images of the lumbar spine containing 75 normal and fractured vertebrae, quantitative comparison against reference vertebra segmentations yielded an overall mean Dice similarity coefficient of 93.2%, mean symmetric surface distance of 0.5 mm, and Hausdorff distance of 8.4 mm.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) under grants P2-0232, J2-5473, J7-6781 and J2-7118.
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Korez, R., Likar, B., Pernuš, F., Vrtovec, T. (2018). Segmentation of Pathological Spines in CT Images Using a Two-Way CNN and a Collision-Based Model. In: Glocker, B., Yao, J., Vrtovec, T., Frangi, A., Zheng, G. (eds) Computational Methods and Clinical Applications in Musculoskeletal Imaging. MSKI 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10734. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74113-0_9
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