Abstract
In this chapter we briefly describe some of the prototype active interrogation systems that have reached a reasonable level of integration and testing readiness, and we summarize their performance. The focus is on the Nuclear Carwash system developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, but we also include the Pulsed Neutron Fast Analysis system developed by Rapiscan Systems, the advanced scanner developed by Passport Systems, and the prototype laser-based scanner based on inverse Compton scattering.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
M.A. Descalle, D. Manatt, D. Slaughter, Analysis of recent manifests for goods imported through us ports. Technical Report UCRL-TR 225708, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA (2006)
E.B. Norman, S.G. Prussin, R.M. Larimer, H. Shugart, E. Browne, A.R. Smith, R.J. McDonald, H. Nitsche, P. Gupta, M.I. Frank, T.B. Gosnell, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 521(2), 608 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.097. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900203028948
D. Slaughter, M. Accatino, A. Bernstein, P. Biltoft, J. Church, M. Descalle, J. Hall, D. Manatt, G. Mauger, T. Moore, E. Norman, D. Petersen, J. Pruet, S. Prussin, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 579(1), 349 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.058. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900207006456. Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications
D. Slaughter, M. Accatino, A. Bernstein, J. Church, M. Descalle, T. Gosnell, J. Hall, A. Loshak, D. Manatt, G. Mauger, T. Moore, E. Norman, B. Pohl, J. Pruet, D. Petersen, R. Walling, D. Weirup, S. Prussin, M. McDowell, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B. Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 241(1), 777 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.236. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X05013212. The Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry
M. Gmar, J. Capdevila, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 422(1), 841 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01121-8. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900298011218
D. Slaughter, M. Accatino, A. Bernstein, J. Candy, A. Dougan, J. Hall, A. Loshak, D. Manatt, A. Meyer, B. Pohl, S. Prussin, R. Walling, D. Weirup, Detection of special nuclear material in cargo containers using neutron interrogation. Technical Report UCRL-ID 155315, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2003)
R.B. Firestone, L.P. Ekstrom, S.Y.F. Chu, in APS Division of Nuclear Physics Meeting Abstracts (1999)
T.R. England, B.F. Rider, End-349: evaluation and compilations of fission product yields. Technical Report LA-UR-94-3106, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1993)
L. Brodzinski, D.D. Dietrich, N.R. Hilton, J.L. Jones, G.W. McKinney, B.J. Micklich, J.T. Mihalczo, C.E. Moss, C.E. Okada, H.M. Sanger, D.R. Slaughter, M. Todosow, Evaluation of active interrogation techniques for detecting special nuclear material in maritime cargo containers. Technical Report PNNL-15722, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2006)
P. Kerr, M. Rowland, D. Dietrich, W. Stoeffl, B. Wheeler, L. Nakae, D. Howard, C. Hagmann, J. Newby, R. Porter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B. Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 261(1), 347 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.190. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X07009202. The Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry
D.R. Slaughter, S.J. Asztalos, P.J. Biltoft, J.A. Church, M.A. Descalle, J.M. Hall, T.C. Luu, D.R. Manatt, G.J. Mauger, E.B. Norman, D.C. Petersen, J.A. Pruet, S.G. Prussin, Optimized performance for neutron interrogation to detect SNM. Technical Report UCRL-TR 228924, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2007)
J. Hall, S. Asztalos, P. Biltoft, J. Church, M.A. Descalle, T. Luu, D. Manatt, G. Mauger, E. Norman, D. Petersen, J. Pruet, S. Prussin, D. Slaughter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B. Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 261(1), 337 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.263. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X07007355. The Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry
D.R. Slaughter, S.J. Asztalos, P.J. Biltoft, J.A. Church, M.A. Descalle, J.M. Hall, T.C. Luu, D.R. Manatt, G.J. Mauger, E.B. Norman, D.C. Petersen, J.A. Pruet, S.G. Prussin, A 7 MeV neutron interrogation system to detect well shielded SNM: the final report. Technical Report UCRL-TR 236521, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2007)
D. Slaughter, M. Accatino, A. Bernstein, J. Church, M.A. Descalle, T. Gosnell, J. Hall, A. Loshak, D. Manatt, J. Mauger, T. Moore, E. Norman, B. Pohl, D. Petersen, J. Pruet, S. Prussin, R. Walling, S. Asztalos, in IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2005)
S. Prussin, M.A. Descalle, J. Hall, J. Pruet, D. Slaughter, M. Accatino, O. Alford, S. Asztalos, A. Bernstein, J. Church, T. Gosnell, A. Loshak, N. Madden, D. Manatt, G. Mauger, A. Meyer, T. Moore, E. Norman, B. Pohl, D. Petersen, B. Rusnak, T. Sundsmo, W. Tenbrook, R. Walling, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 569(3), 853 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.002. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016890020601357X
J. Church, D. Slaughter, S. Asztalos, P. Biltoft, M.A. Descalle, J. Hall, T. Luu, D. Manatt, J. Mauger, E. Norman, D. Petersen, S. Prussin, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B. Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 261(1), 351 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.264. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X07007434. The Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry
T. Luu, P. Biltoft, J. Church, M. Descalle, J. Hall, M.J. Manatt, D.E. Norman, D. Petersen, J. Pruet, S. Prussin, D. Slaughter, Description of ALARMA: the alarm algorithm developed for the nuclear car wash. Technical Report UCRL-TR–227515, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2006)
A. Donzella, G. Bonomi, E. Giroletti, A. Zenoni, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 81(4), 414 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.12.038. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X11005202
P. Sprangle, A. Ting, E. Esarey, A. Fisher, J. Appl. Phys. 72(11), 5032 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352031
F.V. Hartemann, W.J. Brown, D.J. Gibson, S.G. Anderson, A.M. Tremaine, P.T. Springer, A.J. Wootton, E.P. Hartouni, C.P.J. Barty, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 100702 (2005). https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.100702
J. Pruet, D.P. McNabb, C.A. Hagmann, F.V. Hartemann, C.P.J. Barty, J. Appl. Phys. 99(12), 123102 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2202005
S. Boucher, P. Frigola, A. Murokh, M. Ruelas, I. Jovanovic, J. Rosenzweig, G. Travish, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 608(1), S54 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.05.035. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900209009681. Compton sources for X/γ rays: Physics and applications
F.V. Hartemann, S.G. Anderson, D.J. Gibson, C.A. Hagmann, M.S. Johnson, I. Jovanovic, M.J. Messerly, J.A. Pruet, M.Y. Shverdin, A.M. Tremaine, D.P. McNabb, C.W. Siders, C.P.J. Barty, in 2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, vol. 2 (2007), pp. 1382–1386. https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652445
D.J. Gibson, S.G. Anderson, C.P.J. Barty, S.M. Betts, R. Booth, W.J. Brown, J.K. Crane, R.R. Cross, D.N. Fittinghoff, F.V. Hartemann, J. Kuba, G.P.L. Sage, D.R. Slaughter, A.M. Tremaine, A.J. Wootton, E.P. Hartouni, P.T. Springer, J.B. Rosenzweig, Phys. Plasmas 11(5), 2857 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1646160
K. Walter, Going deep with MEGa-rays (2011). https://str.llnl.gov/AprMay11/pdfs/4.11.3.pdf
D.J. Gibson, S.G. Anderson, S.M. Betts, F.V. Hartemann, I. Jovanovic, D.P. McNabb, M.J. Messerly, J.A. Pruet, M.Y. Shverdin, C.W. Siders, A.M. Tremaine, C.P.J. Barty, in 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC) (2007), pp. 1248–1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2007.4441045
D.J. Gibson, F. Albert, S.G. Anderson, S.M. Betts, M.J. Messerly, H.H. Phan, V.A. Semenov, M.Y. Shverdin, A.M. Tremaine, F.V. Hartemann, C.W. Siders, D.P. McNabb, C.P. Barty, Design and operation of a tunable MeV-level Compton-scattering-based (gamma-ray) source design and operation of a tunable MeV-level compton-scattering-based (gamma-ray) source. Technical Report LLNL-JRNL-414643, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2009)
F. Albert, S.G. Anderson, G.A. Anderson, S.M. Betts, D.J. Gibson, C.A. Hagmann, J. Hall, M.S. Johnson, M.J. Messerly, V.A. Semenov, M.Y. Shverdin, A.M. Tremaine, F.V. Hartemann, C.W. Siders, D.P. McNabb, C.P.J. Barty, Opt. Lett. 35(3), 354 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.35.000354. http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-3-354
G. Klemz, K. Mönig, I. Will, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 564(1), 212 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.03.017. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900206005389
I. Jovanovic, M. Shverdin, D. Gibson, C. Brown, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 578(1), 160 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.168. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900207007887
N.V. Zamfir, in 2017 10th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE) (2017), pp. 358–362. https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE.2017.7905166
S. Banerjee, S. Chen, N. Powers, D. Haden, C. Liu, G. Golovin, J. Zhang, B. Zhao, S. Clarke, S. Pozzi, J. Silano, H. Karwowski, D. Umstadter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B. Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 350, 106 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.01.015. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X15000282
C. Liu, G. Golovin, S. Chen, J. Zhang, B. Zhao, D. Haden, S. Banerjee, J. Silano, H. Karwowski, D. Umstadter, Opt. Lett. 39(14), 4132 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004132. http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-39-14-4132
S. Chen, G. Golovin, C. Miller, D. Haden, S. Banerjee, P. Zhang, C. Liu, J. Zhang, B. Zhao, S. Clarke, S. Pozzi, D. Umstadter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B. Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms 366, 217 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.11.007. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X15011258
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Slaughter, D., Erickson, A.S., Jovanovic, I. (2018). Examples of Active Interrogation Systems. In: Jovanovic, I., Erickson, A. (eds) Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74467-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74467-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74466-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74467-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)