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General Overview—Economic Aspects

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Satellite-Based Earth Observation
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Abstract

Space offers an important insight to understand the Earth and to improve our lives. Satellite Earth Observation (EO) can benefit many areas of society, including environment and resources management, agriculture, food security, transport, just to mention few of them. EO satellites supply data can be used as tools to contribute to the sustainable economic development in the remote areas of the world. This contribution aims at offering an overview of the factors that characterize the EO market and the relative consequences, drawing a picture of the existing EO services with socio-economic benefits for the society. In addition, the contribution presents a brief overview on the commercialization of earth observation data and the economic influence of private actors on the EO domain. In conclusion, the paper offers an insight on the possible steps that Europe should take to improve the European governance and to create the adequate framework of operation for private and public actors involved in EO operational activities, to help the creation of an industrial policy for the EO services and to stimulate the public demand at European level.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Benefit Assessment of the Application of Satellite Earth Observation for Society and Policy: Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of the Development of Downstream Space-Based Earth Observation Applications, Murielle Lafaye, in Onoda and Young [1]

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  4. 4.

    United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs.

  5. 5.

    Mapping the world’s forests. European Space Agency. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Mapping_the_world_s_forests.

  6. 6.

    United Nations SDG No. 15. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs.

  7. 7.

    Copernicus, previously known as GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), is a European Union Programme aimed at developing information services based on satellite Earth Observation and in situ non-space data. Copernicus is coordinated and managed by the European Commission and implemented by partnerships with the Member States, the European Space Agency (ESA), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), other EU agencies and Mercator Océan. Copernicus operates through six thematic streams of Copernicus services: Atmosphere, Marine, Land, Climate, Emergency, and Security. The main users of Copernicus services are policymakers and public authorities who need the information to develop environmental legislation and policies or to take critical decisions in the event of an emergency, such as a natural disaster or a humanitarian crisis. http://www.copernicus.eu/main/copernicus-brief.

  8. 8.

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  9. 9.

    https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/earth-topics/agriculture.

  10. 10.

    Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 are highly involved in the mapping of cultivable areas and for the assessment of land health. http://www.esa-sen2agri.org/operational-system/eo-data/.

  11. 11.

    https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/earth-topics/water/water-management.

  12. 12.

    Garcia et al. [2]. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22952/9781464804755.pdf.

  13. 13.

    Earth Observation: Defense and Security. A Euroconsult Executive Report. 2016 Edition. Euroconsult. http://www.euroconsult-ec.com/research/earth-observation-defense-security-2016-brochure.pdf.

  14. 14.

    Earth Observation: Defense and Security Market Report 2016—Analysis, Technologies and Forecasts—Key Vendors: Airbus Defence and Space, DigitalGlobe, ImageSat - Research and Markets. Business Wire.

    http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160420006225/en/Earth-Observation-Defense-Security-Market-Report-2016.

  15. 15.

    Cosmo-Skymed. http://www.e-geos.it/cosmo-skymed.html.

  16. 16.

    Copernicus FactSheet. Spacetec Partners. http://www.spacetecpartners.eu/copernicus-factsheets/Services/03_Land_V2.pdf.

  17. 17.

    Copernicus. http://land.copernicus.eu/.

  18. 18.

    CNES and NASA Sign Statement on Mars and Oceanography. Mission pour la Science et la Technologie de l’Ambassade de France aux Etats-Unis. June 20th 2017. https://www.france-science.org/CNES-and-NASA-Sign-Statement-on.html.

  19. 19.

    United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/oceanandseas.

  20. 20.

    Copernicus. http://copernicus.eu/main/marine-monitoring.

  21. 21.

    What we do, Eumetsat. https://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/AboutUs/WhatWeDo/MonitoringWeather/index.html.

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    Harebottle, A. “Earth Observation to Capture the Mainstream Market”. Via Satellite, May–June 2017. http://interactive.satellitetoday.com/via/may-june-2017/earth-observation-to-capture-the-mainstream-market/.

  23. 23.

    50 Companies That May Be the Next Start-Up Unicorns, New York Times, Aug. 23rd, 2015, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/here-are-the-companies-that-may-be-the-next-50-start-up-unicorns/. See also, 50 Future Unicorns predicted by CB Insights Company Mosaic, CBInsights, Aug. 23, 2015. https://www.cbinsights.com/research-future-unicorn-companies.

  24. 24.

    Adoption of the Paris Agreement. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Conference of the Parties Twenty-first session Paris, 30 November to 11 December 2015 Agenda item 4(b) Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (decision 1/CP.17) Adoption of a protocol, another legal instrument, or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties. FCCC/CP/2015/L.9. December 12th 2015.

  25. 25.

    Business in Earth Observation. “An overview of market development and emerging applications”. EOVox, 2016. http://earsc.org/file_download/43/Business+in+Earth+Observation+eoVOX080508.pdf.

  26. 26.

    European Space Policy Institute (ESPI). Satellite Data to Monitor International Agreements. ESPI Brief No. 14 June 2017. Retrieved: https://www.espi.or.at/images/ESPI_Brief_14.pdf.

  27. 27.

    ESPI, in ibid.

  28. 28.

    Kuan-Wei Chen. Satellite Usages and the Development in Space Law and Policy: Challenges and Opportunities in the Global Governance Study. PowerPoint Presentation. Centre for Research in Air and Space Law McGill University Montreal, Canada. Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization SPACE LAW and POLICY FORUM 2017 10–11 July 2017 Harbin, China.

    https://www.mcgill.ca/iasl/files/iasl/satellite_usages_and_the_development_in_law_and_policy_global_space_governance-perspectives.pdf.

  29. 29.

    Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Space Strategy for Europe. Brussels, 26.10.2016 COM (2016) 705 final. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/COM-2016-705-F1-EN-MAIN.PDF.

  30. 30.

    Reillon, Vincent. Securing the Copernicus programme: Why EU earth observation matters. European Parliament Think Tank. April 6th 2017. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/it/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2017)599407.

References

  1. Onoda M, Young OR (eds) (2017) Satellite earth observations and their impact on society and policy. Springer, ISBN 978-981-10-3713-9

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  2. Garcia LE, Rodriguez DJ, Wijnen M, Pakulski I (eds) (2016) Earth observation for water resources management. Current use and future opportunities for the water sector. ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0476-2. World Bank Group. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22952/9781464804755.pdf

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Correspondence to Alessandra Vernile .

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Vernile, A. (2018). General Overview—Economic Aspects. In: Brünner, C., Königsberger, G., Mayer, H., Rinner, A. (eds) Satellite-Based Earth Observation . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_6

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