Abstract
Modern cryptology rests on the shoulders of three men of rare talents. William Friedman, Lester Hill and Claude Shannon moved cryptology from an esoteric, mystical, strictly linguistic realm into the world of mathematics and statistics. Once Friedman, Hill, and Shannon placed cryptology on firm mathematical ground, other mathematicians and computer scientists developed the new algorithms to do digital encryption in the computer age. Despite some controversial flaws, the U.S. Federal Data Encryption Standard (DES ) was the most widely used computer encryption algorithm in the twentieth century. In 2001 a much stronger algorithm, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES ) that was vetted by a new burgeoning public cryptologic community, replaced it. This chapter introduces Hill and Shannon and explores the details of the DES and the AES.
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Moore’s law, named after Intel founder Gordon Moore, says that that every year or two the number of transistors on an integrated circuit will double, increasing the speed and power of the processor, and the price will remain the same or drop. This law held true for more than 30 years, but limits on transistor size and heat problems (if you speed up the processor it generates more heat which must be dissipated) caused the laws effects to slow down by the early 2010s. This is why all modern computers have more than one core (CPU) in them. They are trying to mitigate the need to slow down the processor (to dissipate heat) by adding parallelism.
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Dooley, J.F. (2018). The Machines Take Over: Computer Cryptography. In: History of Cryptography and Cryptanalysis. History of Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90443-6_10
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