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Mechanisms of Disease: The Damaged Genome in HCC

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Liver Cancers

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, due to rising incidence and a lack of effective therapies. Enormous recent progress has been made in trying to understand the complexity of the altered genome in this cancer and the potential this holds for designing the diagnostics and treatments of the future. In this review we summarise recent data investigating the genetic predisposition to HCC development, mechanisms of genome injury in HCC and the findings of large-scale sequencing projects in HCC that have transformed our understanding of the pathogenesis. We will also explore the role of DNA-methylation changes in HCC and how they provide complementary information to coding DNA changes.

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Abbreviations

AFP:

Alpha-fetoprotein

CNV:

Copy number variation

DEN:

Diethylnitrosamine

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HH:

Hereditary haemochromatosis

HSC:

Hepatic stellate cell

LINEs and SINEs:

Long and short interspersed nuclear elements

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SNVs:

Single nucleotide variants

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Acknowledgements

MH is supported by a CRUK Clinician Scientist Fellowship (C52489/A19924).

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  1. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Matthew Hoare

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Matthew Hoare

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  1. Matthew Hoare
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Correspondence to Matthew Hoare .

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  1. Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK

    Tim Cross

  2. University of Liverpool, Liverpool Early Drug Development Unit, Liverpool, UK

    Daniel H. Palmer

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Hoare, M. (2019). Mechanisms of Disease: The Damaged Genome in HCC. In: Cross, T., Palmer, D. (eds) Liver Cancers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92216-4_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92216-4_4

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