Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Earthquake-Induced Deformation of Breakwater on Liquefiable Soil with and Without Remediation: Case Study of Iran LNG Port

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
New Developments in Materials for Infrastructure Sustainability and the Contemporary Issues in Geo-environmental Engineering (GeoChina 2018)

Part of the book series: Sustainable Civil Infrastructures ((SUCI))

Abstract

Seismic response of a breakwater founded on a thick liquefiable silt layer is evaluated through the numerical modeling. An economic design of breakwater rested on extremely thick sediments of loose or liquefiable soils may prefer no ground improvement. However, in a seismic environment, such breakwaters are potentially vulnerable to failure due to earthquake-induced pore pressure generation within the underlying deposits. Results of the present models are compared with the centrifuge data, as the verification stage of the numerical study. In Part I, a benchmark model without any liquefaction countermeasure has been considered. In Part II, additional models with remediation are analyzed and compared with no remediation case. The stone column method has been considered as the liquefaction countermeasure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adalier, K., Sharp, M. K.: Dynamic centrifuge modeling of earth dams on liquefiable ground. In: Proceedings of 3rd U.S.–Japan Workshop on Advanced Research on Earthquake Engineering for Dams, San Diego (2002a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Adalier, K., Sharp, M. K.: Embankment dam on liquefiable foundation—Dynamic behavior and densification remediation. J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng. 130,(11) (2002b). (November 1, 2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asgari, A., Golshani, A., Bagheri, M.: Numerical evaluation of seismic response of shallow foundation on loose silt and silty sand. J. Earth Syst. Sci. 123(2), 365–379 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, P.M.: A cyclic shear-volume coupling and pore pressure model for sand; In: Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, vol. 2, pp. 47–55. St. Louis, Missouri (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudharya, B., Hazarikab, H., Nishimurab, K.: Effects of duration and acceleration level of earthquake ground motion on the behavior of unreinforced and reinforced breakwater foundation. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 98, 24–37 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cihan, K., Yuksel, Y., Berilgen, M., Ozkan, Cevik E.: Behavior of homogenous rubble mound breakwaters materials under cyclic loads. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 34, 1–10 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elsafti, H., Oumeraci, H.: A numerical hydro-geotechnical model for marine gravity structures. Comput. Geotech. 79, 105–129 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazarika, H., Kataoka, S., Kasama, K., Kaneko, K., Suetsugu, D.: Composite ground disasters caused by the earthquake and tsunami in Aomori, Iwate Prefecture, Northern. Geotech. Eng. J. 7(1), 13–23 (2012). [Special Issue on 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, in Japanese

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazarika, H., Kasama, K., Suetsugu, D., Kataoka, S., Yasufuku, N.: Damage to geotechnical structures in waterfront areas of northern Tohoku due to the March 11, 2011 tsunami disaster. Indian Geotech. J. 43(2), 137–152 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazarika, H., Chaudhary, B., Nishimura, K., Kasama, K., Noda, T., Yamada, S.: Physical and numerical modeling of resilient breakwater foundation subjected to earthquake and tsunami. In: Proceedings of the 50th Indian geotechnical conference. Pune (India) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hara, T., Okawara, M., Osumi, T., Yamanaka, M., Ishihara, Y., Tsunekawa, Y.: Damages in south-central coastal area of Iwate prefecture in 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Jpn. Geotech. J. 7(1), 25–36 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indraratna, B., Redana, I.W.: Plane-strain modeling of smear effects associated with vertical drains. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 5, 474–478 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indraratna, B., Redana, I.W.: Numerical modeling of vertical drains with smear and well resistance installed in soft clay. Can. Geotech. J. 37(1), 132–145 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Itasca, F.: Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, Version 5.0 User’s Guide, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Thrasher Square East, 708 p (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jafarian, Y., Alielahi, H., Sadeghi Abdollahi, A., Vakili, A.: Seismic numerical simulation of breakwater on a liquefiable layer: IRAN LNG port. Electr. J. Geotech. Eng. 1–11 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ye, J., Gang, W.: Seismic dynamics of offshore breakwater on liquefiable seabed foundation. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 76, 86–99 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubilay, C., Yalcin, Y., Mehmet, B., Esin, O.C.: Behavior of homogenous rubble mound breakwaters materials under cyclic loads. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 34, 1–10 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambe, T.W., Whitman, R.V.: Soil Mechanics. Wiley, N.Y. (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G.R., Finn, W.D.L., Seed, H.B.: Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading. J. Geotech. ASCE 101(GT5), 423–438 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghadam, M.R., Alielahi, H., Sadeghi, Abdollahi A.: Numerical evaluation of liquefaction-induced damages in composite breakwaters and its application for performance-based improvement design. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 35(3), 376–396 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER): PEER Ground Motion Database. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shooshpasha, I., Bagheri, M.: The effects of surcharge on liquefaction resistance of silty sand, Arabian J. Geosci. 7(1), 1029–1035 (2014). (March 2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, S.A., Tjahyono, S., Oo, K.K.: Simplified Plane-Strain Modeling of Stone-Column Reinforced Ground. J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng. ASCE 134(2), 185–194 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, S., Kuriyama, Y., Tomita, T., Kawai, Y., Arikawa, T., Tatsumi, D., Negi, T.: Urgent survey for 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami disaster in ports and coasts part I (tsunami). Technical note 1231. Japan: Port and Airport Research Institute, pp. 1–9 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhaeghe, H., Vos, L.D., Boone, E., Goemaere, J.: Using field data to improve the settlement prediction model of a breakwater on soft soil. J. Waterway Port Coast. Ocean Eng. 140(2) March 1, 2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye, J.H., Jeng, D.S.: Three-dimensional dynamic transient response of a poro-elastic unsaturated seabed and a rubble mound breakwater due to seismic loading. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng.g 44, 14–26 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran

    Yaser Jafarian

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Mohsen Bagheri

  3. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi khalili

Authors
  1. Yaser Jafarian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohsen Bagheri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mehdi khalili
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Bagheri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kiewit Corporation, Englewood, Colorado, USA

    Shanzhi Shu

  2. Amec Foster Wheeler, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Liangcai He

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Yao Kai

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Jafarian, Y., Bagheri, M., khalili, M. (2019). Earthquake-Induced Deformation of Breakwater on Liquefiable Soil with and Without Remediation: Case Study of Iran LNG Port. In: Shu, S., He, L., Kai, Y. (eds) New Developments in Materials for Infrastructure Sustainability and the Contemporary Issues in Geo-environmental Engineering. GeoChina 2018. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95774-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation