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Neuroimaging of Neurotransmitter Alterations in Schizophrenia and Its Relevance for Negative Symptoms

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Neuroimaging of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders

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Abstract

Neurotransmitter imaging in schizophrenia research has for a long time focused on dopaminergic neurotransmission, based on the clinical observation of the effects of neuroleptics on dopamine D2-receptors [1]. Dopaminergic neurotransmission can best be assessed using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), with tracers available for dopamine synthesis capacity, dopamine D1 and D2 receptor imaging, and the assessment of transporter availability. Most schizophrenia theories suggest that dopamine dysfunction is embedded in neurocircuits linking the prefrontal cortex with the striatum and thalamus in multiple neurocircuits that control motivational and cognitive aspects of complex behavior [2, 3]. Key neurotransmitters in these neurocircuits are glutamate for excitatory and GABA for inhibitory effects, and concentrations of these neurotransmitters have mainly been assessed using spectroscopy, also in combination with PET or SPECT for simultaneous measurement of striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission [4]. Spectroscopy has the disadvantage of assessing glutamate independent of whether or not this molecule is directly involved in neurotransmission. Further neurotransmitters assessed in schizophrenia research range from serotonin to acetylcholine; however, most research to date has focused on glutamate-dopamine interactions [5, 6].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Heinz

  2. Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Stefan Borgwardt

  3. VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA

    Lynn E. DeLisi

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  1. Andreas Heinz
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  2. Stefan Borgwardt
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  3. Lynn E. DeLisi
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Correspondence to Andreas Heinz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy

    Silvana Galderisi

  2. Harvard Medical School, The VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA

    Lynn E. DeLisi

  3. Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Stefan Borgwardt

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Heinz, A., Borgwardt, S., DeLisi, L.E. (2019). Neuroimaging of Neurotransmitter Alterations in Schizophrenia and Its Relevance for Negative Symptoms. In: Galderisi, S., DeLisi, L., Borgwardt, S. (eds) Neuroimaging of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97307-4_3

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