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Chloroplast Membrane Lipid Biosynthesis and Transport

  • Chapter
The Chloroplast

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 13))

Abstract

The photosynthetic membranes of chloroplasts are characterized by a high abundance of glycolipids. The two galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) are the predominant constituents of thylakoid membranes, while phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol) and a sulfolipid (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) are minor components. Galactolipids are synthesized in the envelope membranes from precursors originating from the chloroplast or from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Direct contact sites (“plastid-associated membranes”) between the ER and the chloroplast may be involved in the transport of lipid precursors to the envelope membranes. During chloroplast development, thylakoids are established from invaginations of the inner envelope, whereas in mature chloroplasts, a vesicle-based transport system was suggested to supply galactolipids to the thylakoids. During phosphate limitation, phospholipids are replaced with glycolipids in plastidial and extraplastidial membranes. DGDG produced in the chloroplast was suggested to be transferred to the mitochondria via direct contact sites. The transport of DGDG to the plasma membrane and tonoplast is believed to be mediated via the ER and Golgi vesicle trafficking system.

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  1. Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark

    M. X. Andersson

  2. Institute of Molecuar Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, Bonn, 53115, Germany

    P. Dörmann

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Andersson, M.X., Dörmann, P. (2009). Chloroplast Membrane Lipid Biosynthesis and Transport. In: Sandelius, A.S., Aronsson, H. (eds) The Chloroplast. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68696-5_4

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