Abstract
The pathogenesis of acne, the most common disease of the pilosebaceous unit, has been traditionally attributed to increased sebum production, androgen activity, follicular hyperkeratinization, and the action of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) within the sebaceous follicle [1, 2].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Zouboulis CC. Acne and sebaceous gland function. Clin Dermatol. 2005;22:360–6.
Zouboulis CC, Eady A, Philpott M, et al. What is the pathogenesis of acne? Exp Dermatol. 2005;14:143–52.
Thiboutot D, Jabara S, McAlister J, et al. Human skin is a steroidogenic tissue: Steroidogenic enzymes and cofactors are expressed in epidermis, normal sebocytes, and an immortalized sebocyte cell line (SEB-1). J Invest Dermatol. 2003;120:905–14.
Xia L, Zouboulis C, Detmar M, et al. Isolation of human sebaceous glands and cultivation of sebaceous gland-derived cells as an in-vitro model. J Invest Dermatol. 1989;93:315–21.
Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Neitzel H, Orfanos CE. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line (SZ95). J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113:1011–20.
Zouboulis CC, Xia L, Akamatsu H, et al. The human sebocyte culture model provides new insights into development and management of seborrhea and acne. Dermatology. 1998;196:21–31.
Kligman AM, Wheatley VR, Mills OH. Comedogenicity of human sebum. Arch Dermatol. 1970;102:267–75.
Ganceviciene R, Graziene V, Fimmel S, et al. Involvement of the corticotropin-releasing hormone system in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2008;160:345–52.
Kurokawa I, Danby FW, Ju Q, et al. New development in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18:821–32.
Thiboutot DM, Knaggs H, Gilliland K, et al. Activity of type 1 5 alpha-reductase is greater in the follicular infrainfundibulum compared with the epidermis. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136:166–71.
Wrobel A, Seltmann H, Fimmel S, et al. Differentiation and apoptosis in human immortalized sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;120:175–81.
Alestas T, Ganceviciene R, Fimmel S, et al. Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 are active in sebaceous glands. J Mol Med. 2006;84:75–87.
Ingham E, Eady EA, Goodwin CE, et al. Pro-inflammatory levels of interleukin-1 alpha-like bioactivity are present in the majority of open comedones in acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 1992;98:895–901.
Guy R, Green MR, Kealey T. Modeling acne in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 1996;106:176–82.
Dessinioti C, Katsambas AD. The role of Propionibacterium acnes in acne pathogenesis: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol. 2010;28:2–7.
Jeremy AH, Holland DB, Roberts SG, et al. Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121:20–7.
Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. Expanding the microcomedone theory and acne therapeutics: Propionibacterium acnes biofilm produces biological glue that holds corneocytes together to form plug. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:722–4.
Jugeau S, Tenaud I, Knol AC, et al. Induction of toll-like receptors by Propionibacterium acnes. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153:1105–13.
Kim J, Ochoa MT, Krutzik SR, et al. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine response. J Immunol. 2002;169:1535–41.
Iinuma K, Sato T, Akimoto N, et al. Involvement of Propionibacterium acnes in the augmentation of lipogenesis in hamster sebaceous glands in vivo and in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129:2113–9.
Bohm M, Schiller M, Stander S, et al. Evidence of melanocortin-1 receptor in human sebocytes in vitro and in situ. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;118:533–9.
Zhang L, Li WH, Anthonavage M, et al. Melanocortin-5 receptor: a marker of human sebocyte differentiation. Peptides. 2006;27:413–20.
Zouboulis CC. Sebaceous gland receptors. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1:77–80.
Ganceviciene R, Graziene V, Bohm M, et al. Increased in situ expression of melanocortin-1 receptor in sebaceous glands of lesional skin of patients with acne vulgaris. Exp Dermatol. 2007;16:547–52.
Mastrofrancesco A, Kokot A, Eberle A, et al. KDPT, a tripeptide derivative of α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, suppresses IL-1β-mediated cytokine expression and signaling in human sebocytes. J Immunol. 2010;185:1903–11.
Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Hiroi N, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone: an autocrine hormone that promotes lipogenesis in human sebocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:7148–53.
Isard O, Knol AC, Castex-Rizzi N, et al. Cutaneous induction of corticotrophin releasing hormone by Propionibacterium acnes extracts. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1:96–9.
Plewig G, Kligman AM. Acne. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer; 1975.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zouboulis, C.C., Dessinioti, C. (2014). A New Concept of Acne Pathogenesis. In: Zouboulis, C., Katsambas, A., Kligman, A. (eds) Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69375-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69375-8_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-69374-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69375-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)