This chapter deals with the issue of the distinction between jus ad bellum and jus in bello. What is the rationale for this distinction in international humanitarian law? How does this distinction concern individual responsibilities and duties under international law? In practice, there often exists a concurrence of jus ad bellum and jus in bello violations. One of the biggest problems is the issue of jus ad bellum duties under international humanitarian law, international human rights law and international refugee law. Is there a clear-cut answer for this? The expected response to the issue would not be an automatic one. For a claim of conscientious objection to military service, the principle of in dubio pro reo would maximise the benefits for human rights.
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(2009). Impacts of Jus Ad Bellum and Jus In Bello on Rights and Duties of Individuals to Disobey Manifestly Illegal Orders. In: Takemura, H. (eds) International Human Right to Conscientious Objection to Military Service and Individual Duties to Disobey Manifestly Illegal Orders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70527-7_7
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