Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biograding of Normal Tissue TNM Toxicity Taxonomy: Scoring the Adverse Effects of Cancer Treatment

Taxonomy and Classification are Attempts to Order the Chaos in Nature

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
ALERT - Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

Although dramatic improvements in cancer survival statistics have occurred over the past 5 decades and are well documented in the literature, the same has not been true for detailing the unwanted incidental adverse effects following multimodal cancer treatment. The dramatic gains in 5-year survival has been compiled by cancer site in a SEER tabulation marking the passing of 50 % level for all cancers at the turn of this century. (American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 1995). At issue and unresolved is the price for the success and how to best measure and grade these adverse toxicity effects which persist and progress over time detracting from the cancer survivor’s quality of life.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Cancer Society (1995) Cancer facts and figures. Atlanta, American Cancer Society

    Google Scholar 

  • American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (2002) Cancer staging manual. 6th ed. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  • Anacak Y, Yalman D, Ozsaran Z et al (2001) Late radiation effects to the rectum and bladder in gynecologic cancer patients: the comparison of LENT/SOMA and RTOG/EORTC late-effects scoring systems. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:1107–1112. http://ctep.info.nih.gov/CTC3/ctc.htm. Accessed 1 April 2003

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bragg DG, Rubin P, Hricak H (2002) Oncologic imaging, 2nd edn. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox JD, Stetz J, Pajak TF (1995) Toxicity criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31:1341–1346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CTCAE v3.0 (2003) Development of a comprehensive grading system for the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Semin Radiat Oncol 13(3):176–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson SE, Burns M, Routledge J et al (2002) Short report: a morbidity scoring system for clinical oncology practice: questionnaires produced from the LENT SOMA scoring system. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 14:68–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson SE, Burns MP, Routledge JA et al (2003a) The impact of radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix on sexual function assessed using the LENT SOMA scales. Radiother Oncol 68:241–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson SE, Burns MP, Routledge JA et al (2003b) Assessment of morbidity in carcinoma of the cervix: a comparison of the LENT SOMA scales and the Franco-Italian glossary. Radiother Oncol 69:195–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denis F, Garaud P, Bardet E et al (2003) Late toxicity results of the GORTEC 94–01 randomized trial comparing radiotherapy with concomitant radiochemotherapy for advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma: comparison of LENT/SOMA, RTOG/EORTC, and NCI-CTC scoring systems. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55:93–98

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fajardo LF, Berthrong M, Anderson RE (2001) Radiation pathology. Oxford University Press, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998) Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Stuttgart, Georg Thieme Verlag

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedyk ER, Jones D, Critchley HO et al (2001) Expression of stromal-derived factor-1 is decreased by IL-1 and TNF and in dermal wound healing. J Immunol 166:5749–5754

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fehlauer F, Tribius S, Holler U et al (2003) Long-term radiation sequelae after breast-conserving therapy in women with early-stage breast cancer: an observational study using the LENT-SOMA scoring system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55:651–658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forestiere AA, Goepfert H, Maor M et al (2003) Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 349:2091–2098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeller U, Tribius S, Kuhlmey A et al (2003) Increasing the rate of late toxicity by changing the score? A comparison of RTOG/EORTC and LENT/SOMA scores. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55:1013–1018

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Husband JES, Reznek RH (1998) Imaging in oncology. ISIS Medical Media, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • LENT SOMA scales all for anatomic sites. (1995). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 30;31(5):1049–1091

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercado AM, Padgett DA, Sheridan JF et al (2002) Altered kinetics of IL-1, Il-1, and KGF-1 gene expression in early wounds of restrained mice. Brain Behav Immun 16:150–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Staquet M et al (1981) Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer 47:207–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Movsas B (2003) Quality of life in oncology trials: a clinical guide. Semin Radiat Oncol 13:189–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petak I, Houghton JA (2001) Shared pathways: death receptors and cytotoxic drugs in cancer therapy. Pathol Oncol Res 7:95–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Routledge JA, Burns MP, Swindell R et al (2003) Evaluation of the LENT-SOMA scales for the prospective assessment of treatment morbidity in cervical carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 56:502–510

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin P (2001) Clinical Oncology, 8th edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin P, Casarett GW (1968) Clinical Radiation Pathology. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin P, Constine S, Fajardo L et al (1995a) Overview of Late Effects of Normal Tissues (LENT) scoring system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31:1041–1042

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin P, Constine LS, Marks L, Okunieff P (eds) (2007) Late Effects of Cancer Treatment on Normal Tissues: Cured I, Lent. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin P, Johnston CJ, Williams JP et al (1995b) A perpetual cascade of cytokines postirradiation leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33:99–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tawfiq N, Lagarde P, Stockle E, et al (2000) Conservative treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Functional evaluation using LENT-SOMA scales and Enneking scoring. Cancer Radiother (French) 4:421–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A (2002) The evolution and application of toxicity criteria. Sem Radiat Oncol 12:1–3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A, Bentzen MS (2004) The need for adverse effects reporting standards in oncologyclinical trials. J Clinc Oncol 22:19–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A, Rubin P (2003) Introduction. Sem Radiat Oncol 13:175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A, Byhardt R, Stetz J et al (2000) Common toxicity criteria: Version 2.0. an improved reference for grading the acute effects of cancer treatment: impact on radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:13–47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A, Colevas DA, Setser A et al (2003) CTCAE v3.0: Development of a comprehensive grading system for the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Semin Radiat Oncol 13:176–181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trotti A, Pajak T, Gwede C, Paulus R, Cooper J, Forastiere A, Ridge J, Watkins-Bruner D, Garden A, Ang K, Curran W (2007) TAME: development of a new method for summarising adverse events of cancer treatment by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Lancet Oncol 8(7):613–624. Pubmedid: 17543584

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner-Wasik M, Pequignot E, Leeper D, Hauck W, Curran W Jr (2000) Predictors of severe esophagitis include use of concurrent chemotherapy, but not the length of irradiated esophagus: a multivariate analysis of patients with lung cancer treated with nonoperative therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48(3):689–696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization Icd 10 (1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Andy M. Trotti

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Philip Rubin

Authors
  1. Andy M. Trotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Philip Rubin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andy M. Trotti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center James P. Wilmot Cancer Ctr., Rochester, New York, USA

    Philip Rubin

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center James P. Wilmot Cancer Ctr., Rochester, New York, USA

    Louis S. Constine

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Lawrence B. Marks

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Trotti, A.M., Rubin, P. (2014). Biograding of Normal Tissue TNM Toxicity Taxonomy: Scoring the Adverse Effects of Cancer Treatment. In: Rubin, P., Constine, L., Marks, L. (eds) ALERT - Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72314-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72314-1_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-72313-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-72314-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation