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Alcohol-induced liver damage

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Abstract

We do not know when and where drink able grape juice was originally pressed from wild vines, nor when and where wine was produced and enjoyed for the first time following fermentation and purification. • The oldest find is probably a grape squeezer containing grape seeds found in the region south of Damascus, dating back to the time around 6000 bc. • Wine consumption and drunkenness are described in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which goes back to 4000–3000 bc. God told Noah, who is called Utnapishtim in the epic, to grow grapevines following the Flood (around 4000 bc). This he did: “And he drank of the wine, and was drunken” (Genesis, 9.21). • About 2700 bc, Chinese writings mention the benefits as well as the dangers of consuming wine. • Many descriptions pertaining to the consumption of wine (and also beer) as well as to drunkenness can be found in the rock tombs at El Kab in Upper Egypt (around 2500 bc), in the Eber’s Papyrus (around 1550 bc) and in various other discoveries. A Babylonian clay tablet from the year 2230 BC shows a prescription written by a Sumerian physician regarding the use ofwine formedical purposes.

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(2008). Alcohol-induced liver damage. In: Hepatology Textbook and Atlas. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76839-5_28

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