Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Noxious Spider Bites

  • Chapter
Life-Threatening Dermatoses and Emergencies in Dermatology

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. da Silva PH, da Silveira RB, Appel MH et al (2004) Brown spiders and loxoscelism. Toxicon 44:693–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gertsch WJ (1967) The spider genus Loxosceles in South America (Araneae, Scytodidae). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 136:117–174

    Google Scholar 

  3. Rees R, Campbell D, Rieger E et al (1987) The diagnosis and treatment of brown recluse spider bites. Ann Emerg Med 16:945–949

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wright SW, Wrenn KD, Murray L et al (1997) Clinical presentation and outcome of brown recluse spider bite. Ann Emerg Med 30:28–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gertsch WJ, Ennik F (1983) The spider genus Loxosceles in North America, Central America and the West Indies (Araneae, Loxoscelidae). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 175:264–360

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wong RC, Hughes SE, Voorhees JJ (1987) Spider bites. Arch Dermatol 123:98–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Caveness WA (1872) Insect bite complicated with fever. Nashville J Med Surg 10:333

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sams HH, Dunnick CA, Smith ML et al (2001) Necrotic arachnidism. J Am Acad Dermatol 44:561–576

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hogan CJ, Barbaro KC, Winkel K (2004) Loxoscelism: old obstacles, new directions. Ann Emerg Med 44:608–624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Isbister GK, White J (2004) Clinical consequences of spider bites: recent advances in our understanding. Toxicon 43:477–492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Forrester LJ, Barrett JT, Campbell BJ (1978) Red blood cell lysis induced by the venom of the brown recluse spider: the role of sphingomyelinase D. Arch Biochem Biophys 187:355–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Geren CR, Chan TK, Howell DE et al.(1976) Isolation and characterization of toxins from brown recluse spider venom (Loxosceles reclusa). Arch Biochem Biophys 174:90–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Heitz JR, Norment BR (1974) Characteristics of alkaline phosphatase activity in brown recluse venom. Toxicon 12:181–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kurpiewski G, Forrester L, Burrett J et al (1981) Platelet aggregation and sphingomyelinase D activity of purified toxin from the venom of Loxosceles reclusa. Biochem Biophys Acta 678:467–476

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rekow MA, Civello DJ, Geren CR (1983) Enzymatic and hemolytic properties of brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) toxin and extracts of venom apparatus, cephalothorax abdomen. Toxicon 21:441–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alario A, Price G, Stahl R et al (1987) Cutaneous necrosis following a spider bite: a case report and review. Pediatrics 79:618–621

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Futrell JM (1992) Loxoscelism. Am J Med Sci 304:261–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gross AS, Wilson DC, King LE (1990) Persistent segmental cutaneous anesthesia after a brown recluse spider bite. South Med J 83:1321–1323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. King LE, Rees RS (1986) Treatment of brown recluse spider bite. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:691–692

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Nance WE (1961) Hemolytic anemia of necrotic arachnoid-ism. Am J Med 31:801

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lane DR, Youse JS (2004) Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia secondary to brown recluse spider bite: a review of the literature and discussion of treatment. Cutis 74:341–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Taylor EH, Denny WF (1966) Hemolysis, renal failure and death, presumed secondary to bite of brown recluse spider. South Med J 58:1209–1211

    Google Scholar 

  23. Vorse H, Seccareccio P, Woodruff K et al (1972) Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy following fatal brown spider bite (necrotic arachnidism). J Pediatr 80:1035–1037

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Martinez H, Golan H, Gat A et al (2005) Id reaction to spider bite. J Am Acad Dermatol 548:53

    Google Scholar 

  25. Davidovici B, Dyachenko P, Cagnano E et al (2006) Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis following a spider bite: report of 3 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 55:525–529

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Dillaha CJ, Jansen GT, Honeycutt WM et al (1964) North American loxoscelism: necrotic bite of the brown recluse spider. JAMA 188:153–156

    Google Scholar 

  27. Berger RS (1973) A critical look at therapy for the brown recluse spider bite. Arch Dermatol 107:298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cole HP, Wesley RE, King LE (1995) Brown recluse spider envenomation of the eyelid: an animal model. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 11:153–164

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Morgan BB (1978) Lysis of human erythrocytes by venom from the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa. Toxicon 16:85–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sezertno UM, Zannin M, Coelho LK et al (1998) A clinical and epidemiological study of Loxosceles spider envenoming in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92:546–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Wilson DC, King LE (1990) Spiders and spider bites. Dermatol Clin 8:277–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Isbister GK (2004) Necrotic arachnidism: the mythology of a modern plague. Lancet 364:549–553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wasserman GS, Anderson PS (1983–4) Loxoscelism and necrotic arachnidism. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 21:451–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Osterhoudt KC (2004) Diagnosis of brown recluse spider bites in absence of spiders. Clin Pediatr 43:407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Roche KJ, Chang MW, Lazarus H (2001) Cutaneous anthrax infection. N Engl J Med 345:1611

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Vetter R (2000) Myth: idiopathic wounds are often due to brown recluse or other spider bites throughout the United States. West J Med 173:357–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Gomez HF, Krywko DM, Stoecker WV (2002) A new assay for the detection of Loxosceles species (brown recluse) spider venom. Ann Emerg Med 39:469–474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Leach J, Bassichis B, Itani K (2004) Brown recluse spider bites to the head: three cases and a review. Ear Nose Throat J 83: 465–470

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Stoecker WV, Green JA, Gomez HF (2006) Diagnosis of loxoscelism in a child confirmed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and noninvasive tissue sampling. J Am Acad Dermatol 55:888–890

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. King LE (1985) Brown recluse spider bites: stay cool (Letter). JAMA 254:2895–2896

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Monteiro CL, Rubel R, Cogo LL et al (2002) Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringes in the venom and fangs of Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider): enhancement of the dermonecrotic lesion in loxoscelism. Toxicon 40:409–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Málaque CMS, Castro-Valencia JE, Cardoso JLC et al (2002) Clinical and epidemiological features of defnitive and presumed loxoscelism in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 44:139–143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Anderson PC (1982) Necrotizing spider bites. Am Fam Physician 26:198–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Barrett SM, Romine-Jenkins M, Fisher DE (1994) Dapsone or electric shock therapy of brown recluse spider envenoma-tion? Ann Emerg Med 24:21–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Phillips S, Kohn M, Baker D (1995) Therapy of brown spider envenomation: a controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen, dapsone, and cyproheptadine. Ann Emerg 25:363–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Rees RS, Altenbern DP, Lynch JB et al (1985) Brown recluse spider bites. A comparison of early surgical excision versus dap-sone and delayed surgical excision. Ann Surg 202: 659–663

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Elston DM, Miller SD, Young RJ et al (2005) A comparison of colchicine, dapsone, triamcinolone, and diphenhydramine therapy for the treatment of brown recluse spider envenoma-tion: a double-blind, controlled study in a rabbit model. Arch Dermatol 141:595–597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mold JW, Thompson DM (2004) Management of brown recluse spider bites in primary care. J Am Board Fam Pract 17:347–352

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Masters EJ, Sams H, King LE Jr. (1998) Loxoscelism. The author reply. N Engl J Med 339:1945–1946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. 50.Barbaro KC, Cardoso JLC (2003) Mecanismo de açaõ do veneno de Loxosceles e aspectos clinicos do loxoscelismo. In: Cardoso JLC, França FOS, Fan HW, Málaque CMS, Haddad Jr. V (eds) Animais Peçonhentos no Brasil: Biologia, Clinica e Terapêutica dos Acidentes. Sarvier, Sao Paulo pp 160–174

    Google Scholar 

  51. Guilherme P, Fernandes I, Barbaro KC (2001) Neutralization of dermonecrotic and lethal activities and differences among 32–35 kDa toxins of medically important Loxosceles spider venoms in Brazil revealed by monoclonal antibodies. Toxicon 39:1333–1342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Isbister GK, Graudins A, White J et al (2003) Antivenom treatment in arachnidism. Clin Toxicol 41:291–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Rees R, Shack RB, Withers E et al (1981) Management of the brown recluse spider bite. Plast Reconstr Surg 68:768–773

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Dyachenko P, Ziv M, Rozenman D (2006) Epidemiological and clinical manifestations of patients hospitalized with brown recluse spider bite. JEADV 20:1121–1125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Delozier JB, Reaves L, King LE et al (1988) Brown recluse spider bites of the upper extremity. South Med J 81:181–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Diez Garcia F, Laynez Bretones F, Galvez Contreras MC et al (1996) Black widow spider (Latrodectus tredecimgut-tatus) bite. Presentation of 12 cases. Med Clin 106:344–346

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Lira-da-silva RM, Matos GB, Sampaio RO et al (1995) Retrospective study on Latrodectus stings in Bahia, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 28:205–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Muller GJ (1993) Black and brown widow spider bites in South Africa. A series of 45 cases. S Afr Med J 83:399–405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ramialiharisoa A, de Haro L, Jouglard J et al (1994) Latrodectism in Madagascar. Med Trop 54:127–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Byre GC, Pemberton PJ (1983) Red-black spider (Latrodectus mactans hasselti) envenomation in a neonate. Med J Aust 2:665–666

    Google Scholar 

  61. Isbister GK, White J, Currie BJ (2005) Spider bites: addressing mythology and poor evidence [letter]. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72:361–364; author reply 364–367

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Maretic Z. Latrodectism (1983) Variations in clinical manifestations provoked by Latrodectus species of spiders. Toxicon 21:457–466

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Carbonaro PA, Janniger CK, Schwartz RA (1995) Spider bite reactions. Cutis 56:256–259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Stibich AS, Schwartz RA (2004) Black widow spider bites. eMedicine J 5(2). Available at: http://author.emedicine.com/ derm/ topic599.htm. Accessed: Aug 18, 2003

  65. Holtz GG, Habener JF (1998) Black widow spider alpha-latrotoxin: a presynaptic neurotoxin that shares structural homology with the glucagon-like peptide-1 family of insulin secretagogic hormones. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 121:177–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Orlova EV, Rahman MA, Gowen B et al (2000) Structure of alpha-latrotoxin oligomers reveals that divalent cation-dependent tetramers form membrane pores. Nat Struct Biol 7:48–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Burnett JW, Calton GJ, Morgan RJ (1985) Latrodectism: black widow spider bites. Cutis 36:121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Clark RF, Wethern-Kestner S, Vance MV et al (1992) Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Ann Emerg Med 21:782–787

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Elston DM (2002) What's eating you? Latrodectus mactans. Cutis 69:257–258

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Clark RF (2001) The safety and efficacy of antivenin Latrodectus. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 39:125–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Horen WP (1963) Arachnidism in the United States. JAMA 185:839–843

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. O'Malley GF, Dart RC, Kuffner EF (1999) Successful treatment of lactrodectism with antivenin after 90 hours. N Engl J Med 340:657

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rechovot, 76100, Israel

    Batya B. Davidovici & Ronni Wolf

Authors
  1. Batya B. Davidovici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ronni Wolf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Henri Mondor, 51 av du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil, 94010, France

    Jean Revuz  & Laurence Valeyrie-Allanore  & 

  2. Université Paris XII Service de Dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Henri Mondor, 51 av du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil, 94010, France

    Jean-Claude Roujeau

  3. Department of Dermatology, Cedars Medical Center, 1400 NW 12 Avenue 6th South, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Francisco A. Kerdel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Davidovici, B.B., Wolf, R. (2009). Noxious Spider Bites. In: Revuz, J., Roujeau, JC., Kerdel, F.A., Valeyrie-Allanore, L. (eds) Life-Threatening Dermatoses and Emergencies in Dermatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79339-7_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79339-7_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-79338-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-79339-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation