Abstract
The UCT algorithm has been exceedingly popular for Go, a two-player game, significantly increasing the playing strength of Go programs in a very short time. This paper provides an analysis of the UCT algorithm in multi-player games, showing that UCT, when run in a multi-player game, is computing a mixed-strategy equilibrium, as opposed to maxn, which computes a pure-strategy equilibrium. We analyze the performance of UCT in several known domains and show that it performs as well or better than existing algorithms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Billings, D.: On the importance of embracing risk in tournaments. ICGA Journal 29(4), 199–202 (2006)
Ginsberg, M.: Gib: Imperfect information in a computationally challenging game. Journal of Articial Intelligence Research 14 (2001)
Kocsis, L., Szepesvári, C.: Bandit based monte-carlo planning. In: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 282–293. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Luckhardt, C., Irani, K.: An algorithmic solution of N-person games. In: AAAI 1986, vol. 1, pp. 158–162 (1986)
Sturtevant, N., Zinkevich, M., Bowling, M.: Probmaxn: Opponent modeling in n-player games. In: AAAI 2006, pp. 1057–1063 (2006)
Sturtevant, N.R.: Last-branch and speculative pruning algorithms for maxn. In: IJCAI 2003, pp. 669–678 (2003)
Sturtevant, N.R.: Multi-Player Games: Algorithms and Approaches. PhD thesis, Computer Science Department, UCLA (2003)
Sturtevant, N.R.: Current challenges in multi-player game search. In: van den Herik, H.J., Björnsson, Y., Netanyahu, N.S. (eds.) CG 2004. LNCS, vol. 3846, pp. 285–300. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Sturtevant, N.R., Bowling, M.H.: Robust game play against unknown opponents. In: AAMAS 2006 (2006)
Sturtevant, N.R., White, A.M.: Feature construction for reinforcement learning in hearts. In: van den Herik, H.J., Ciancarini, P., Donkers, H.H.L.M(J.) (eds.) CG 2006. LNCS, vol. 4630, pp. 122–134. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sturtevant, N.R. (2008). An Analysis of UCT in Multi-player Games. In: van den Herik, H.J., Xu, X., Ma, Z., Winands, M.H.M. (eds) Computers and Games. CG 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5131. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87608-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87608-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-87607-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-87608-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)