Abstract
The idea of using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to drive desalination processes is fundamentally attractive, as a considerable number of in-depth studies and real-life applications demonstrate. Renewable energy systems convert naturally occurring energy (sunlight, wind, etc.) into usable electrical, mechanical or thermal energy. Most of these systems are well established and reliable, with a significant number of applications all over the world. The selection of the most suitable technological combination for RES/desalination is an important factor in the success of a project. Wind energy turbines to drive Reverse Osmosis (RO) units is the second most used combination, following that of photovoltaic (PV)/RO systems. Only a few studies and applications have been done on the use of wave energy to drive RO units. Wave energy is a relatively new technology with only a small number of applications being used for electricity production. In this chapter, an overview of wind and wave energy technologies and their coupling with RO units for seawater desalination is presented. Additionally, a description of existing applications, economic data, as well as market potential, is provided.
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Notes
- 1.
IEA member countries are: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA.
- 2.
For RES desalination, “small” systems are characterised by a capacity of up to 50 m3/day, “medium” in the range of 50–150 m3/day and “large” above 150 m3/day.
- 3.
Specific site conditions: average wave height: 0.6–1.5 m, average wave period: 3–8 s and water depth: 15–20 m.
- 4.
The effect that occurs when the velocity of a fluid flowing in a pipe is changed, for instance by the rapid closing of a valve. This rapid change in velocity creates a pressure wave, which theoretically can be used to drive useful work.
- 5.
VRLA: Valve Regulated Lead Acid.
Abbreviations
- AC:
-
alternating current
- AWS:
-
Archimedes wave swing
- BP:
-
booster pump
- DC:
-
direct current
- DG:
-
diesel generator
- HAWT:
-
horizontal axis wind turbine
- HPP:
-
high-pressure pump
- ITC:
-
Instituto Tecnologico de Canarias, Spain
- IEA:
-
International Energy Agency, Paris, France
- LIMPET:
-
land installed marine energy transformer
- OSW:
-
oscillating water column
- ppm:
-
parts per million
- PV:
-
photovoltaic
- R&D:
-
research and development
- RES:
-
renewable energy sources
- RO:
-
reverse osmosis
- TDS:
-
total dissolved solids
- VAWT:
-
vertical axis wind turbine
- VRLA:
-
valve regulated lead acid
- W/T:
-
wind turbine
- CRES:
-
Centre for Renewable Energy Sources, Pikermi, Greece
- EERE:
-
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy
- NREL:
-
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado, USA
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Acknowledgments
The author would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr K. Perrakis from the Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE), Greece.
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Tzen, E. (2009). Wind and Wave Energy for Reverse Osmosis. In: Micale, G., Rizzuti, L., Cipollina, A. (eds) Seawater Desalination. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01150-4_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01150-4_9
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