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Assessing Biological Samples with Scanning Probes

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Single Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry, Physics and Biology

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Chemical Physics ((CHEMICAL,volume 96))

Summary

Scanning probe microscopes raster-scan an atomic scale sensor across an object. The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) uses an electron beam focused on a few Å, and measures the electron scattering power of the irradiated column of sample matter. Not only does the STEM create dark-filed images of superb clarity, but it also delivers the mass of single protein complexes within a range of 100 kDa to 100 MDa. The STEM appears to be the tool of choice to achieve high-throughput visual proteomics of single cells. In contrast, atomically sharp tips sample the object surface in the scanning tunneling microscope as well as the atomic force microscopes (AFM). Because the AFM can be operated on samples submerged in a physiological salt solution, biomacromolecules can be observed at work. Recent experiments provided new insights into the organization of different native biological membranes, and allowed molecular interaction forces, that determine protein folds and ligand binding, to be measured.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) of Structural Biology, the NCCR of Nanoscale Sciences, the SNF grant 3100A0–108299 to AE, EU grant 035995–2, the University of Basel, and the Maurice E. Müller Foundation of Switzerland. The author is indebted to Ansgar Philippsen for his help with Fig. 21.5c, and thanks Dimitrios Fotiads, Hermann Gaub, Daniel Müller, Shirely Müller, Krzysztof Palczewski, and Simon Scheuring for numerous stimulating discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maurice E. Müller Institute for Structural Biology Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    A. Engel

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue Wood Bldg 321D, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    A. Engel

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  1. A. Engel
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Correspondence to A. Engel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden

    Astrid Gräslund

  2. rue du Centre 115, St. Sulpice, 1025, Switzerland

    Rudolf Rigler

  3. Dept. Biomolecular Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden

    Jerker Widengren

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Engel, A. (2010). Assessing Biological Samples with Scanning Probes. In: Gräslund, A., Rigler, R., Widengren, J. (eds) Single Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry, Physics and Biology. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 96. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02597-6_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02597-6_21

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-02597-6

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