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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan in Inflammation and Angiogenesis

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Glycans in Diseases and Therapeutics

Part of the book series: Biology of Extracellular Matrix ((BEM))

Abstract

Heparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide composed of glucosamine and uronic acid (glucuronic acid or iduronic acid) disaccharide repeats with various types of sulfation modifications. More than 26 enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate, which includes two major steps of chain polymerization and chain modification. The chain modification steps proceed sequentially but are incomplete, resulting in enormous structural diversity in mature heparan sulfate. In tissues, heparan sulfate covalently attaches to core proteins to form heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and are abundant at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Studies have demonstrated that heparan sulfate interacts with growth factors, growth factor binding proteins, extracellular proteases, protease inhibitors, chemokines, morphogens, and adhesive proteins to critically regulate cell functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. In this chapter, I will review our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the structure–function relationship of heparan sulfate in the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis, with particular focus on the regulatory roles of heparan sulfate on the key inflammatory molecules, selectin and chemokine, and on the vascular endothelial growth factor, the master proangiogenic factor of angiogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Ms. Karen Howard for her careful reading and English version of this manuscript. Our research is supported by the Georgia Cancer Coalition, the American Heart Association, and the NIH (R01HL093339 and P41RR005351).

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  1. Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Lianchun Wang

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Correspondence to Lianchun Wang .

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  1. , Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Mauro S.G. Pavão

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Wang, L. (2011). Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan in Inflammation and Angiogenesis. In: Pavão, M. (eds) Glycans in Diseases and Therapeutics. Biology of Extracellular Matrix. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16833-8_1

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