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Corchorus

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

The genus Corchorus belongs to the family Malvaceae (formerly Tiliaceae) and is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Primary center of origin and diversity of the wild taxa of Corchorus appears to be Africa. The base number of chromosomes in almost all the species of Corchorus is 7 (2n = 2x = 14). However, seven wild species, viz., C. junodii, C. pascuorum, C. cunnighamii, C. hirtus, C. argutus, C. siliquosus, and C. orinocensis are natural tetraploids (2n = 2x = 28). Most of the wild species of Corchorus are poor yielder, but potent sources for finest quality of fiber, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Corchorus depressus, C. asplenifolius, C. cinerascens, C. erinoceus, and C. erodiodes are tolerant to drought, while C. trilocularis and C. tridens are tolerant to water stagnation. Corchorus pseudo-olitorius is immune to fungal diseases. C. junodii, C. pinnatipertitus, C. saxatilis, and C. gillettii are also potential donors for biotic stress tolerance. C. pseudo-capsularis produces the finest fiber (0.20 tex) followed by C. urticifolius (0.30 tex), C. aestuans (0.51 tex), C. trilocularis (0.77 tex), and C. pseudo-olitorius (0.95 tex). At present jute is blended with cotton, but in near future it can be utilized directly for textile purpose, only after increasing the fineness of the fiber. This can be achieved through hybridization of cultivated species with wild species, which are the sources of finest quality of fiber. Beyond fiber, Corchorus spp. can also be exploited as potential sources of pharmaceutical compounds and dietary supplements.

An erratum to this chapter is available at 10.1007/978-3-642-21102-7_11

Please note the Erratum to this chapter at the end of the book

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21102-7_11

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  1. Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India

    M. K. Sinha, C. S. Kar, T. Ramasubramanian, A. Kundu & B. S. Mahapatra

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  1. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BC, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741252, West Bengal, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Sinha, M.K., Kar, C.S., Ramasubramanian, T., Kundu, A., Mahapatra, B.S. (2011). Corchorus. In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21102-7_2

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