Abstract
Humans subjected to hostile environments are more prone and vulnerable to infections due to the complex interaction of various stressors. Besides other mechanisms known to induce immune imbalance and suppression as described in this book, this chapter focuses on the still very little known role of hypoxia-triggered immunosuppressive mechanisms in astronauts/cosmonauts e.g. during long-duration space missions. This chapter hence addresses the question of whether stress encountered by astronauts/cosmonauts might trigger neurohumoral effector mechanisms leading to tissue hypoxia thereby causing up-regulation of anti-inflammatory pathways. Such hypoxia signaling-dependent pathways might act additionally to those stimulated by neurohumoral mediators of the stress response even in the absence of hypoxia i.e. under normoxia. Altogether, hypoxic and normoxic pathways of the neurohumoral stress response may synergistically result in immunosuppression.
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Acknowledgment
Some of the investigations described have been supported by the National Institutes of Health (awarded Fogarty grants), the German Research Council (Th733/4-1), the European Space Agency (ESA), the German National Space Program (DLR 50WB0719/WB0919), the French (IPEV), Italian (PNRA), and German (AWI) polar institutes. The authors want to express their appreciation to the overwintering crews and the operators Drs. A. Salam, A. Rybka and H. Geißler who have been altogether supporting the CHOICE study with great professionalism.
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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Thiel, M., Sitkovsky, M., Choukèr, A. (2012). Stress, Hypoxia, and Immune Responses. In: Chouker, A. (eds) Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22272-6_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22272-6_13
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