Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optical Modulation Spectroscopy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Semiconductor Research

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 150))

Abstract

This chapter describes the principles of optical modulation spectroscopy. Special attention is focused on photo- and contactless electro-reflectance techniques, which are nondestructive for samples, and are widely applied to study the band structure of various semiconductor materials and low-dimensional heterostructures. For these methods, experimental setups are described and theoretical approaches to analyze the experimental data are discussed. In addition, examples of the application of photo- and contactless electro-reflectance spectroscopies to study optical transitions in III–V(-N) bulk-like epilayers, quantum wells, quantum dots, and device structures are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. M. Cardona, Modulation Spectroscopy, (Academic, New York, 1969)

    Google Scholar 

  2. O.J. Glembocki, B.V. Shanabrook, in Photoreflectance Spectroscopy of Microstructures, ed. by D.G. Seiler, C.L. Littler Semiconductors and Semimetals, vol 36, p. 221 (Academic, New York, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  3. F.H. Pollak, in Modulation Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Microstructures, ed. by M. Balkanski, Handbook on Semiconductors, vol 2, p. 527 (Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Misiewicz, P. Sitarek, G. Sek, R. Kudrawiec, Mater. Sci. 21, 264 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 096103 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. Kudrawiec, M. Syperek, M. Motyka, J. Misiewicz, R. Paszkiewicz, B. Paszkiewicz, M. Tlaczala, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 013501 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. Kudrawiec, M. Gladysiewicz, J. Misiewicz, H.B. Yuen, S.R. Bank, M.A. Wistey, H.P. Bae, J.S. Harris Jr, Phys. Rev. B 73, 245413 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. Kudrawiec, M. Motyka, J. Misiewicz, A. Somers, R. Schwertberger, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, A. Sauerwald, T. Kümmell, G. Bacher, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 013507 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Kudrawiec, M. Motyka, J. Misiewicz, M. Hummer, K. Rossner, T. Lehnhardt, M. Muller, A. Forchel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 041910 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, M. Rudzinski, M. Zajac, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 061910 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, J. Phys.: Confer. Ser. 146, 012029 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. Kudrawiec, R. Kucharski, M. Rudzinski, M. Zajac, J. Misiewicz, W. Strupinski, R. Doradzinski, R. Dwilinski, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, L18 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. Kudrawiec, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 247, 1616 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  14. R. Kudrawiec, A. Khachapuridze, G. Cywinski, T. Suski, J. Misiewicz, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 206, 847 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. P.J. Klar, C.M. Townsley, D. Wolverson, J.J. Davies, D.E. Ashenford, B. Lunn, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 10, 1568 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Motyka, G. Sek, R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, L.H. Li, A. Fiore, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 073502 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. Kudrawiec, M. Rudzinski, J. Serafinczuk, M. Zajac, J. Misiewicz, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 093541 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  18. T.J.C. Hosea, M. Merrick, B.N. Murdin, Phys. Stat. Sol. A 202, 1233 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. Shao, W. Lu, F. Yue, X. Lu, W. Huang, Z. Li, S. Guo, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013111 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Motyka, G. Sek, J. Misiewicz, A. Bauer, M. Dallner, S. Hofling, A. Forchel, Appl. Phys. Express 2, 126505 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. D.E. Aspnes, Surf. Sci. 37, 418 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  22. D.E. Aspnes, A.A. Studna, Phys. Rev. B 7, 4605 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  23. D.E. Aspnes, Phys. Rev. B10, 4228 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  24. D.E. Aspnes, in Handbook on Semiconductors, vol. 2, ed. by M. Balkanski (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1980), p. 109

    Google Scholar 

  25. B.V. Shanabrook, O.J. Glembocki, W.T. Beard, Phys. Rev. B35, 2540 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  26. O.J. Glembocki, Proc. SPIE Proc. 1286, 2 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  27. H. Shen, F.H. Pollak, Phys. Rev. B42, 7097 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Y.S. Huang, H. Qiang, F.H. Pollak, J. Lee, B. Elman, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 3808 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  29. T.J.C. Hosea, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 182, K43 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  30. K. Jezierski, P. Markiewicz, J. Misiewicz, M. Panek, B. Sciana, T. Korbutowicz, M. Tlaczala, J. Appl. Phys. 77, 4139 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  31. R. Kudrawiec, M. Siekacz, M. Krysko, G. Cywinski, J. Misiewicz, C. Skierbiszewski, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 113517 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  32. R. Kudrawiec, H.B. Yuen, M. Motyka, M. Gladysiewicz, J. Misiewicz, S.R. Bank, H.P. Bae, M.A. Wistey, J.S. Harris, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 013504 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. Kudrawiec, M. Gladysiewicz, J. Misiewicz, F. Ishikawa, K.H. Ploog, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 041916 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  34. R. Kudrawiec, M. Motyka, M. Gladysiewicz, J. Misiewicz, J.A. Gupta, G.C. Aers, Solid State Commun. 138, 365 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  35. R. Kudrawiec, P. Podemski, M. Motyka, J. Misiewicz, J. Serafinczuk, A. Somers, J.P. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, Superlatt. Microstruct. 46, 425 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. Kudrawiec, M. Motyka, J. Misiewicz, A. Somers, R. Schwertberger, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, A. Sauerwald, T. Kümmell, G. Bacher, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 013507 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  37. G. Sek, R. Kudrawiec, M. Motyka, P. Poloczek, W. Rudno-Rudzinski, P. Podemski, J. Misiewicz, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 204, 400 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  38. M. Motyka, R. Kudrawiec, G. Sek, J. Misiewicz, I.L. Krestnikov, S. Mikhrin, A. Kovsh, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 21, 1402 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  39. M. Motyka, R. Kudrawiec, G. Sek, J. Misiewicz, D. Bisping, B. Marquardt, A. Forchel, M. Fischer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 221112 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. Motyka, W. Rudno-Rudzinski, G. Sek, R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, A. Komers, R. Schwertberger, J.P. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) 4, 350 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Podhorodecki, J. Andrzejewski, R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, J. Wojcik, B.J. Robinson, T. Roschuk, D.A. Thompson, P. Mascher, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 013111 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  42. R. Kudrawiec, B. Paszkiewicz, M. Motyka, J. Misiewicz, J. Derluyn, A. Lorenz, K. Cheng, J. Das, M. Germain, J. Appl. Phys. 104, 096108 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  43. M. Munoz, S. Guo, X. Zhou, M.C. Tamargo, Y.S. Huang, C. Trallero-Giner, A.H. Rodriguez, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4399 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  44. R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, Q. Zhuang, A.M.R. Godenir, A. Krier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 151902 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  45. J.D. Wu, Y.S. Huang, B.S. Li, A. Shen, M.C. Tamargo, K.K. Tiong, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 123105 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  46. E. Cánovas, D. Fuertes Marrón, A. Martí, A. Luque, A.W. Bett, F. Dimroth, S.P. Philipps, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 203504 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  47. W. Shan, W. Walukiewicz, J.W. Ager III, E.E. Haller, J.F. Geisz, D.J. Friedman, J.M. Olson, S.R. Kurtz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1221 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  48. W. Rudno-Rudzinski, G. Sek, K. Ryczko, R. Kudrawiec, J. Misiewicz, A. Somers, R. Schwertberger, J.P. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 101904 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge many colleagues (Alfred Forchel from Wurzburg University, James Harris from Stanford University, Klaus Ploog from Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Czeslaw Skierbiszewski from UNIPRESS, Robert Dwilinski from AMMONO company, Mariusz Rudzinski from ITME, and their coworkers) for delivering samples for PR and CER studies as well as the COST Action MP0805 and the MNiSW grant related to this action for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland

    Robert Kudrawiec & Jan Misiewicz

Authors
  1. Robert Kudrawiec
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan Misiewicz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert Kudrawiec .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Montserrat

    Amalia Patane

  2. , School of Computer Science and, University of Essex, Essex, CO4 3SQ, Montserrat

    Naci Balkan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kudrawiec, R., Misiewicz, J. (2012). Optical Modulation Spectroscopy. In: Patane, A., Balkan, N. (eds) Semiconductor Research. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 150. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23351-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23351-7_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-23350-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-23351-7

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation