Skip to main content

Creating Reality

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ways of Thinking, Ways of Seeing

Part of the book series: Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services ((ACES,volume 1))

Abstract

Analogues in the nineteenth century provided experimenters such as Lodge, Maxwell, Kirchhoff, Mach and Hertz with inspiration for mechanical descriptions of hidden physical processes that had, for example, electrical or magnetic properties, and suggested mechanical models that could illustrate their developing theories to a wider audience. Models and theories intertwine, since any confirmation or test of a theory has to show its predictive power in a specific situation. It is tempting to imagine that a model or theory is an accurate reflection of what takes place in reality; however prominent nineteenth century physicists and latterly pragmatist philosophers have insisted that our descriptions of reality are of our own making and are a product of our institutions and customs. Models as part of our descriptive practices, therefore, make a contribution to the construction of reality. This chapter discusses some of the nineteenth-century analogical models that offered ways of seeing and understanding physical phenomena, and goes on to discuss how philosophers have explored ways of thinking about the relationship between models and reality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anon: Whitehall. London Gazette, 26260, 991 (February 23, 1892)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltzmann, L.: On the Methods of Theoretical Physics. Proceedings of the Physical Society of London 12(1), 336–345 (1892)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boltzmann, L.: Models. In: Wallace, D.M., Chisholm, H., Hadley, A.T. (eds.) New Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica, pp. 788–791. Adam and Charles Black, London (1902)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockcroft, J.: The Rutherford Memorial Lecture. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A 217(1128), 1–8 (1953)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cosgrave, W.: Models of the Christian Moral Life. The Furrow 34(9), 560–574 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleck, L.: Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. Trenn, T.J., Merton, R.K. (Trans.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M.: The Archaeology of Knowledge. Routledge, London (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Frigg, R.: Models and fiction. Synthese 172(2), 251–268 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, A.J.S., Lisle, J.P.: The river model of black holes. American Journal of Physics 76(6), 519–532 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Helmholtz, H.: LXIII. On Integrals of the Hydrodynamical Equations, which Express Vortex Motion. Philosophical Magazine Series 4 33(226), 485–512 (1867)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertz, H.: On the Fundamental Equations of Electromagnetics for Bodies at Rest. In: Jones, D.E. (Trans.) Electric Waves, pp. 195–240. Macmillan and Co., London (1893)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertz, H.: Miscellaneous Papers. Jones, D.E., Schott, G.A. (Trans.). Macmillan and Co., London (1896)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertz, H.: The Principles of Mechanics Presented in a New Form. Jones, D.E., Walley, J.T. (Trans.). Macmillan and Co., London (1899)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesse, M.B.: Models in physics. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 4(15), 198–214 (1953)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, W.: Pragmatism, a new name for some old ways of thinking: popular lectures on philosophy. Longmans, Green, London (1907)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Janik, A.S.: Wittgenstein’s Vienna Revisited. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchhoff, G.: Vorlesungen über Mechanik. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig (1897)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kjaergaard, P.C.: Hertz and Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Science. Journal for General Philosophy of Science 33(1), 121–149 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Kulakowski, B., Gardner, J., Shearer, J.: Dynamic Modelling and Control of Engineering Systems. Cambridge University Press (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kühne, T.: What is a Model? In: Bezivin, J., Heckel, R. (eds.) Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings: Language Engineering for Model-Driven Software Development. Dagstuhl, Saarbrücken (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R.: A. W. H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective, pp. 31–129. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lodge, O.J.: Modern Views of Electricity. Macmillan and Co., London (1889)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mach, E.: Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig (1908)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mach, E.: History and Root of the Principle of the Conservation of Energy. Jourdain, P.E.B. (Trans.). Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago (1911)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Mach, E.: Contributions to the Analysis of the Sensations. Williams, C.M. (Trans.). Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago (1914)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mach, E.: The Science of Mechanics. McCormack, T.J. (Trans.). The Open Court Publishing Co., London (1919)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: On the Theory of Compound Colours, and the Relations of the Colours of the Spectrum. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 150, 57–84 (1860)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: XLIV. On physical lines of force Part II. Philosophical Magazine Series 4 21(140), 281–291 (1861)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: III. On physical lines of force Part III. Philosophical Magazine Series 4 23(151), 12–24 (1862)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: On Faraday’s lines of force. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 10, 27–83 (1864)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: Theory of Heat. Longmans, Green and Co., London (1872)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, vol. II. Clarendon, Oxford (1873a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: An essay on the mathematical principles of physics. By the Rev. James Challis, M.A., [Review]. Nature VIII, 279–280 (1873b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: Matter and motion. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London (1876a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: On Bow’s method of drawing diagrams in graphical statics, with illustrations from Peaucellier’s linkage. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society II, 407–414 (1876b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: Constitution of Bodies. In: Baynes, S., Smith, W.R. (eds.) Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 310–313. Scribner’s Sons, New York (1878)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J.C.: Address to the Mathematical and Physical Sections of the British Association. In: Niven, W.D. (ed.) The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, pp. 215–229. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1890)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D.W., Starr, M.K.: Executive decisions and operations research. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Peirce, C.S.: How to make our ideas clear. Popular Science Monthly 12, 286–302 (1878)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorty, R.: Objectivity, relativism, and truth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubinstein, M.F.: Patterns of problem solving. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellars, W.: Science, Perception, Reality. Ridgeview Publishing Company, Atascadero (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanks, D.: Hume on the Perception of Causality. Hume Studies 11(1), 94–108 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shockley, W.: Transistor technology evokes new physics. In: Nobel Lectures, Physics 1942-1962, pp. 344–374. Nobel Foundation, Stockholm (1956/1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J.J.: On the structure of the atom: an investigation of the stability and periods of oscillation of a number of corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the circumference of a circle; with application of the results to the theory of atomic structure. Philosophical Magazine Series 6 7(39), 237–265 (1904)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.: Address by the President, Sir William Thomson, Knt., LL.D., F.R.S, pp. 84–105. John Murray, London (1872)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.: Inaugural address of the new President: Ether, electricity, and ponderable matter. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 18(77), 4–36 (1889)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.: The Size of Atoms: Popular Lectures and Addresses, p. 156. Macmillan and Co., London (1894a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.: The Sorting Demon of Maxwell: Popular Lectures and Addresses, pp. 137–141. Macmillan and Co., London (1894b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, S.P.: The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, vol. II. Macmillan and Co., London (1910)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tyndall, J.: Address delivered before the British Association. Longmans, Green and Co., London (1874)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyndall, J.: Sound. A Course of Eight Lectures. Longmans, Green and Co., London (1867)

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, H.: Wittgenstein’s Debt to Mach’s Popular Scientific Lectures. Mind 91(361), 102–105 (1982)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Visser, H.: Boltzmann and Wittgenstein: Or How Pictures Became Linguistic. Synthese 119(1/2), 135–156 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vorms, M.: Representing with imaginary models: Formats matter. Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42(2), 287–295 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L.: Remarks on the foundations of mathematics. von Wright, G.H., Rhees, R., Anscombe, G.E.M. (eds.) Anscombe, G.E.M (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L.: Philosophical remarks. Rhees, R. (ed.) Hargreaves, R., White, R. (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L.: Philosophical Investigations. Rhees, R (ed.) Anscombe, G.E.M. (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L.: Culture and value: a selection from the posthumous remains. In: von Wright, G.H., Nyman, H., Pichler, A., Winch, P. (eds.) Winch, P. (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, H., Dougal, R., Jin, C.: Modeling power diode by combining the behavioral and the physical model. In: Franquelo, L.G., et al. (eds.) IECON 2005, pp. 685–690. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Piscataway (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Monk, J. (2012). Creating Reality. In: Bissell, C., Dillon, C. (eds) Ways of Thinking, Ways of Seeing. Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25209-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25209-9_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-25208-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-25209-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics