Abstract
Analogues in the nineteenth century provided experimenters such as Lodge, Maxwell, Kirchhoff, Mach and Hertz with inspiration for mechanical descriptions of hidden physical processes that had, for example, electrical or magnetic properties, and suggested mechanical models that could illustrate their developing theories to a wider audience. Models and theories intertwine, since any confirmation or test of a theory has to show its predictive power in a specific situation. It is tempting to imagine that a model or theory is an accurate reflection of what takes place in reality; however prominent nineteenth century physicists and latterly pragmatist philosophers have insisted that our descriptions of reality are of our own making and are a product of our institutions and customs. Models as part of our descriptive practices, therefore, make a contribution to the construction of reality. This chapter discusses some of the nineteenth-century analogical models that offered ways of seeing and understanding physical phenomena, and goes on to discuss how philosophers have explored ways of thinking about the relationship between models and reality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anon: Whitehall. London Gazette, 26260, 991 (February 23, 1892)
Boltzmann, L.: On the Methods of Theoretical Physics. Proceedings of the Physical Society of London 12(1), 336–345 (1892)
Boltzmann, L.: Models. In: Wallace, D.M., Chisholm, H., Hadley, A.T. (eds.) New Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica, pp. 788–791. Adam and Charles Black, London (1902)
Cockcroft, J.: The Rutherford Memorial Lecture. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A 217(1128), 1–8 (1953)
Cosgrave, W.: Models of the Christian Moral Life. The Furrow 34(9), 560–574 (1983)
Fleck, L.: Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. Trenn, T.J., Merton, R.K. (Trans.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1981)
Foucault, M.: The Archaeology of Knowledge. Routledge, London (1994)
Frigg, R.: Models and fiction. Synthese 172(2), 251–268 (2010)
Hamilton, A.J.S., Lisle, J.P.: The river model of black holes. American Journal of Physics 76(6), 519–532 (2008)
von Helmholtz, H.: LXIII. On Integrals of the Hydrodynamical Equations, which Express Vortex Motion. Philosophical Magazine Series 4 33(226), 485–512 (1867)
Hertz, H.: On the Fundamental Equations of Electromagnetics for Bodies at Rest. In: Jones, D.E. (Trans.) Electric Waves, pp. 195–240. Macmillan and Co., London (1893)
Hertz, H.: Miscellaneous Papers. Jones, D.E., Schott, G.A. (Trans.). Macmillan and Co., London (1896)
Hertz, H.: The Principles of Mechanics Presented in a New Form. Jones, D.E., Walley, J.T. (Trans.). Macmillan and Co., London (1899)
Hesse, M.B.: Models in physics. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 4(15), 198–214 (1953)
James, W.: Pragmatism, a new name for some old ways of thinking: popular lectures on philosophy. Longmans, Green, London (1907)
Janik, A.S.: Wittgenstein’s Vienna Revisited. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick (2001)
Kirchhoff, G.: Vorlesungen über Mechanik. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig (1897)
Kjaergaard, P.C.: Hertz and Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Science. Journal for General Philosophy of Science 33(1), 121–149 (2002)
Kulakowski, B., Gardner, J., Shearer, J.: Dynamic Modelling and Control of Engineering Systems. Cambridge University Press (2007)
Kühne, T.: What is a Model? In: Bezivin, J., Heckel, R. (eds.) Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings: Language Engineering for Model-Driven Software Development. Dagstuhl, Saarbrücken (2005)
Leeson, R.: A. W. H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective, pp. 31–129. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Lodge, O.J.: Modern Views of Electricity. Macmillan and Co., London (1889)
Mach, E.: Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig (1908)
Mach, E.: History and Root of the Principle of the Conservation of Energy. Jourdain, P.E.B. (Trans.). Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago (1911)
Mach, E.: Contributions to the Analysis of the Sensations. Williams, C.M. (Trans.). Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago (1914)
Mach, E.: The Science of Mechanics. McCormack, T.J. (Trans.). The Open Court Publishing Co., London (1919)
Maxwell, J.C.: On the Theory of Compound Colours, and the Relations of the Colours of the Spectrum. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 150, 57–84 (1860)
Maxwell, J.C.: XLIV. On physical lines of force Part II. Philosophical Magazine Series 4 21(140), 281–291 (1861)
Maxwell, J.C.: III. On physical lines of force Part III. Philosophical Magazine Series 4 23(151), 12–24 (1862)
Maxwell, J.C.: On Faraday’s lines of force. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 10, 27–83 (1864)
Maxwell, J.C.: Theory of Heat. Longmans, Green and Co., London (1872)
Maxwell, J.C.: A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, vol. II. Clarendon, Oxford (1873a)
Maxwell, J.C.: An essay on the mathematical principles of physics. By the Rev. James Challis, M.A., [Review]. Nature VIII, 279–280 (1873b)
Maxwell, J.C.: Matter and motion. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London (1876a)
Maxwell, J.C.: On Bow’s method of drawing diagrams in graphical statics, with illustrations from Peaucellier’s linkage. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society II, 407–414 (1876b)
Maxwell, J.C.: Constitution of Bodies. In: Baynes, S., Smith, W.R. (eds.) Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 310–313. Scribner’s Sons, New York (1878)
Maxwell, J.C.: Address to the Mathematical and Physical Sections of the British Association. In: Niven, W.D. (ed.) The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, pp. 215–229. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1890)
Miller, D.W., Starr, M.K.: Executive decisions and operations research. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1969)
Peirce, C.S.: How to make our ideas clear. Popular Science Monthly 12, 286–302 (1878)
Rorty, R.: Objectivity, relativism, and truth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)
Rubinstein, M.F.: Patterns of problem solving. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1974)
Sellars, W.: Science, Perception, Reality. Ridgeview Publishing Company, Atascadero (1963)
Shanks, D.: Hume on the Perception of Causality. Hume Studies 11(1), 94–108 (2011)
Shockley, W.: Transistor technology evokes new physics. In: Nobel Lectures, Physics 1942-1962, pp. 344–374. Nobel Foundation, Stockholm (1956/1998)
Thomson, J.J.: On the structure of the atom: an investigation of the stability and periods of oscillation of a number of corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the circumference of a circle; with application of the results to the theory of atomic structure. Philosophical Magazine Series 6 7(39), 237–265 (1904)
Thomson, W.: Address by the President, Sir William Thomson, Knt., LL.D., F.R.S, pp. 84–105. John Murray, London (1872)
Thomson, W.: Inaugural address of the new President: Ether, electricity, and ponderable matter. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 18(77), 4–36 (1889)
Thomson, W.: The Size of Atoms: Popular Lectures and Addresses, p. 156. Macmillan and Co., London (1894a)
Thomson, W.: The Sorting Demon of Maxwell: Popular Lectures and Addresses, pp. 137–141. Macmillan and Co., London (1894b)
Thompson, S.P.: The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, vol. II. Macmillan and Co., London (1910)
Tyndall, J.: Address delivered before the British Association. Longmans, Green and Co., London (1874)
Tyndall, J.: Sound. A Course of Eight Lectures. Longmans, Green and Co., London (1867)
Visser, H.: Wittgenstein’s Debt to Mach’s Popular Scientific Lectures. Mind 91(361), 102–105 (1982)
Visser, H.: Boltzmann and Wittgenstein: Or How Pictures Became Linguistic. Synthese 119(1/2), 135–156 (1999)
Vorms, M.: Representing with imaginary models: Formats matter. Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42(2), 287–295 (2011)
Wittgenstein, L.: Remarks on the foundations of mathematics. von Wright, G.H., Rhees, R., Anscombe, G.E.M. (eds.) Anscombe, G.E.M (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1967)
Wittgenstein, L.: Philosophical remarks. Rhees, R. (ed.) Hargreaves, R., White, R. (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1976)
Wittgenstein, L.: Philosophical Investigations. Rhees, R (ed.) Anscombe, G.E.M. (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1992)
Wittgenstein, L.: Culture and value: a selection from the posthumous remains. In: von Wright, G.H., Nyman, H., Pichler, A., Winch, P. (eds.) Winch, P. (Trans.). Blackwell, Oxford (1998)
Wu, H., Dougal, R., Jin, C.: Modeling power diode by combining the behavioral and the physical model. In: Franquelo, L.G., et al. (eds.) IECON 2005, pp. 685–690. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Piscataway (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Monk, J. (2012). Creating Reality. In: Bissell, C., Dillon, C. (eds) Ways of Thinking, Ways of Seeing. Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25209-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25209-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-25208-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-25209-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)