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Viet Nam’s Food Security: A Castle of Cards in the Winds of Climate Change

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On the Frontiers of Climate and Environmental Change

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

Abstract

Since the 1980s, Viet Nam has achieved rapid economic growth and greatly increased food production and security. These results are based, however, on a model of industrial agriculture that has inherent social and environmental limitations and increasingly faces the structural constraints of climate change. This article questions industrial agriculture in general, and through the case of Viet Nam, its ability to sustain outputs and food security through the emerging crisis. It argues that while agro-industrial technologies and commodification are making the country particularly vulnerable to the imprecise and shifting context of a multifaceted crisis, the dominant response of the green economy, in Viet Nam as elsewhere, rests on unsubstantiated technological and institutional assumptions. Unchanged, such strategy will most likely lead to the collapse of Viet Namese agricultural production and a surge of food insecurity. In such a strategic vacuum, the article explores how agro-ecology offers a viable alternative, in parallel with the organization of production, distribution, and consumption through principles of food sovereignty.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    National production in 1995 was 25 million tonnes, of which 12.8 million tonnes were from the Mekong Delta. Respective preliminary figures for 2008 were 38.7 million tonnes and 20.7 million tonnes. Hence: (20.7–12.8)/(38.7–25) = 57% (General Statistics Office of Viet Nam 2009b).

  2. 2.

    Implying about 455 ppm CO2e, but with an actual warming impact similar to the raw CO2 concentration value due to aerosol dimming and other offsetting factors (Hamilton 2010, p. 228).

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  1. Centre d’études de l’Asie de l’Est (CETASE), University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada

    François Fortier

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  1. , Department of Society and Globalization, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark

    Ole Bruun

  2. , Department of Society and Globalization, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark

    Thorkil Casse

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Fortier, F. (2013). Viet Nam’s Food Security: A Castle of Cards in the Winds of Climate Change. In: Bruun, O., Casse, T. (eds) On the Frontiers of Climate and Environmental Change. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35804-3_13

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