Zusammenfassung
Wie andere chronische Schmerzsyndrome ist auch der Phantomschmerz durch Lern- und Gedächtnisprozesse gekennzeichnet, die den Schmerz aufrechterhalten und maladaptive plastische Veränderungen des Gehirns verstärken. Deshalb sind auch hier psychologische Interventionen, die maladaptive Gedächtnisspuren verändern, sinnvoll. Neben dem Schmerzbewältigungstraining und Biofeedbackverfahren als traditionelle Ansätze finden neuere Entwicklungen wie sensorisches Diskriminationstraining, Spiegeltherapie, Vorstellungstraining, Prothesentraining oder Training in der virtuellen Realität Anwendung. Diese Verfahren verändern nicht nur den Phantomschmerz, sondern auch die damit einhergehenden plastischen Veränderungen des Gehirns.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
Jensen TS, Krebs B, Nielsen J et al (1985) Immediateand long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: in- cidence, dinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain. Pain 21:267–278
Sherman RA, Sherman CJ (1983) Pre- valence and characteristics of chronic phantom limb pain among American veterans. Results of a trial sur- vey. Am J Phys Med 62:227–238
Nikolajsen L, Jensen TS (2006) Phantom limb. In: McMahon S, Koltzen- burg M Wall and Melzack's textbook of pain. Churchill-Living- stone, London, S 961–971
Sherman RA (1997) Phantom pain. Plenum Press, New York
Vase L, Nikolajsen L, Christensen B et al (2011) Cognitive-emotional sensitization contributes to wind- up-like pain in phantom limb pain patients. Pain 152:157–162
HanleyMA, Jensen MREhde DM etal (2004) Psychosocial predictors of long-term adjustment to lower- limb amputation and phantom limb pain. Disabil Rehabil 26:882–893
Jensen MP, Ehde DM, Hoffman AJ et al (2002) Cognitions, coping and social environment predict adjustment to phantom limb pain. Pain 95:133–142
Wei F, Zhuo M (2001) Potentiation ofsensory responses in the anterior cingulate cortex following digit amputation in the anaesthetised rat. J Physiol 532:823–833
Willoch F, Rosen G, Tolle TR et al (2000) Phantom limb pain in the human brain: unraveling neural circui- tries of phantom limb sensations using positron emission tomogra- phy. Ann Neural 48:842–849
Elbert TR, Flor H, Birbaumer N et al (1994) Extensive reorganization of the somatosensory cortex in adult humans after nervous system injury. Neuroreport 5:2593–2597
Flor H, Elbert T, Knecht S et al (1995) Phantom-Iimb pain as a perceptu- al correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation. Nature 375:482–484
Price DD, Verne GN, SchwartzJM (2006) Plasticity in brain processing and modulation of pain. Prag Brain Res 157:333–352
Yang TT, Gallen CC, Ramachandran VS et al (1994) Noninvasive detecti- on of cerebral plasticity in adult human somatosensory cortex. Neuroreport 5:701–704
Cohen LG, Bandinelli S, FindleyTW et al (1991) Motor reorganization after upper limb amputation in man. Brain 114:615–627
Karl A, Birbaumer N, LutzenbergerW etal (2001) Reorganization of motor and somatosensory cortex in upper extremity amputees with phantom limb pain. J Neurosci 21:3609–3618
Kew JJ, Ridding MC, Rothwell JC et al (1994) Reorganization of cortical blood flow and transcranial magne- tic Stimulation maps in human sub- jects after upper limb amputation. J Neurophysiol 72:2517–2524
Lotze M, Flor H, Grodd W et al (2001) Phantom movements and pain. An fMRI study in upper limb amputees. Brain 124:2268–2277
Nikolajsen L, IlkjaerS, Jensen TS (2000) Relationship between me- chanical sensitivity and postamputation pain: a prospective study. Eur J Pain 4:327–334
NikolajsenL, IlkjaerS, KronerKetal (1997) The influence of preamputa- tion pain on postamputation stump and phantom pain. Pain 72:393–405
Flor H, Türk DC (2011) Chronic pain: an integrated biobehavioral appro- ach. IASP Press, Seattle/WA
HardenRN, HouleTT, GreenSetal (2005) Biofeedback in the treatment of phantom limb pain: a time-se- ries analysis. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 30:83–93
Moura VL, Faurot KR, Gaylord SA et al (2012) Mind-body interventions for treatment of phantom limb pain in persons with amputation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 91:701–714
Lotze M, Grodd W, Birbaumer N et al (1999) Does use of a myoelectric prosthesis prevent cortical reorganisation and phantom limb pain? Nat Neurosci 2:501–502
WeissT, Miltner WH, AdlerT etal (1999) Decrease in phantom limb pain associated with prosthesis-in- duced increased use of an amputation stump in humans. Neurosci Lett 272:131–134
Dietrich C, Walter-Walsh K, Preissler S et al (2012) Sensory feedback prosthesis reduces phantom limb pain: proof of a principle. Neurosci Lett 507:97–100
Flor H, Denke C, Schaefer M et al (2001) Effect ofsensory discrimina- tion training on cortical reorganisation and phantom limb pain. Lancet 375:1763–1764
Huse E, Preissl H, Larbig W et al (2001) Phantom limb pain. Lancet 358:101–5
Ramachandran VS, Rogers Ramachandran D, Cobb S (1995) Touching the phantom limb. Nature 377:48949–0
Brodie EE, Whyte A, Waller B (2003) Increased motor control of a phantom leg in humans results from the Visual feedback of a Virtual leg. Neurosci Lett 341:167–169
Hunter JP, Katz J, Davis KD (2003) The effect of tactile and Visual sensory inputs on phantom limb awareness. Brain 126:579–589
Brodie EE, Whyte A, Niven CA (2007) Analgesia through the looking- glass? A randomized controlled tri- al investigating the effect of viewing a, Virtual' limb upon phantom limb pain, sensation and movement. Eur J Pain 11:428–436
Chan BL, Witt R, Charrow AP et al (2007) Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain. N Engl J Med 357:2206220–7
HalliganPW, Hunt M, Marshall JC et al (1996) When seeing is feeling; acquired synaesthesia or phantom touch? Neurocase 2:21 –29
Rock I, Victor J (1964) Vision and touch: an experimentally created conflict between the two senses. Science 143:594–596
Diers M, Christmann C, Koeppe C etal (2010) Mirrored, imagined and executed movements differentially activate sensorimotor cortex in am- putees with and without phantom limb pain. Pain 149:296–304
MoseleyGL, GallaceA, SpenceC (2008) Is mirror therapy all it is cra- cked up to be? Current evidence and future directions. Pain 138:7–10
Ersland L, Rosen G, Lundervold A et al (1996) Phantom limb imagina- ry fingertapping causes primary motor cortex activation: an fMRI study. Neuroreport 8:207–210
Roux FE, Ibarrola D, Lazorthes Y et al (2001) Virtual movements activate primary sensorimotor areas in am- putees: report of three cases. Neuro- surgery 49:736–742
Mercier C, Reilly KT, Vargas CD et al (2006) Mapping phantom movement representations in the motor cortex ofamputees. Brain 129:2202221–0
Giraux P, Sirigu A (2003) lllusory movements of the paralyzed limb restore motor cortex activity. Neuroimage 20(Suppl 1):107–111
Madver K, Lloyd DM, Kelly S et al (2008) Phantom limb pain, cortical reorganization and the therapeu- tic effect of mental imagery. Brain 131:2181–2191
Moseley GL (2006) Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 67:2129–2134
ColeJ, CrowleS, AustwickGetal (2009) Exploratory findings with Virtual reality for phantom limb pain; from stump motion to agency and analgesia. Disabil Rehabil 31:846- 85–4
Sato K, Fukumori S, Matsusaki T et al (2010) Nonimmersive Virtual reality mirror Visual feedback therapy and its application for the treatment of complex regional pain Syndrome: an open-label pilot study. Pain Med 11:622–629
Alviar MJ, HaleT, Dungca M (2011) Pharmacologic interventions for treating phantom limb pain. Cochra- ne Database Syst Rev:CD006380
Moseley GL, Flor H (2012) Targeting cortical representations in the treatment of chronic pain: a review. Neu- rorehabil Neural Repair 26:646–652
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Diers, M., Flor, H. (2013). Phantomschmerz. In: Göbel, H., Sabatowski, H. (eds) Weiterbildung Schmerzmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40740-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40740-6_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40739-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40740-6
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)