Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Problemlösen

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Allgemeine Psychologie

Zusammenfassung

In dem vorliegenden Kapitel werden zunächst die definitorischen Grundlagen eines Problems festlegt und unterschiedliche Problemtypen vorgestellt. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt stellt das einsichtsvolle Problemlösen dar. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass Vorwissen manchmal hinderlich für die Problemlösung sein kann. In dem Abschnitt über Expertise soll dafür sensibilisiert werden, wie Problemlösen positiv durch Vorwissen beeinflusst werden kann. Thematisch abgeschlossen wird das Kapitel mit dem Themenbereich Problemlösen durch analogen Transfer, das zeigen soll, wie bereits bestehendes Vorwissen genutzt werden kann, um neue, bisher unbekannte Probleme zu lösen.

Schlüsselwörter: Problemlösen; Einfache Probleme; Komplexe Probleme; Umstrukturierung; Expertise; Analoges Schließen; Heuristik; Problemraumtheorie

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Adamson, R. E. (1952). Functional fixedness as related to problem solving: A repetition of three experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44, 288–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adamson, R. E., & Taylor, D. W. (1954). Functional fixedness as related to elapsed time and to set. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 122–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. R. (1982). Acquisition of cognitive skill. Psychological Review, 89, 369–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. R. (1993). Rules of the Mind. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. R., Albert, M. V., & Ficham, J. M. (2005). Tracing problem solving in real time: fMRI analysis of the subject-paced Tower of Hanoi. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(8), 1261–1274.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. R., & Lebiere, C. (1998). The atomic components of thought. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anzai, Y. (1991). Learning and use of representations for physics expertise. In K. A. Ericsson, & J. Smith (Hrsg.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (S. 64–92). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atwood, M. E., & Polson, P. G. (1976). A process model for water jug problems. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 191–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, S., Rogers, R., Owen, A., Frith, C., Dolan, R., Frackowiak, R., & Robbins, T. (1996). Neural systems engaged by planning: a PET study of the Tower of London task. Neuropsychologia, 34(6), 515–526.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, D. C., & Broadbent, D. E. (1984). On the relationship between task performance and associated verbalizable knowledge. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36A, 209–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilalić, M., & McLeod, P. (2014). Why do good thoughts block better ones. Scientific American, 310(3), 74–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bilalić, M., McLeod, P., & Gobet, F. (2008). Why good thoughts block better ones: The mechanism of the pernicious Einstellung effect. Cognition, 108, 652–661.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birch, H. G., & Rabinowitz, H. S. (1951). The negative effect of previous experience on productive thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41, 121–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bischof, N. (1985). Das Rätsel Ödipus. München: Piper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bittner, A., & Helbig-Lang, S. (2011). Stressbewältigungs-und Problemlösetrainings. In H.-U. Wittchen, & J. Hoyer (Hrsg.), Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie (S. 577–585). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, E. M., & Beeman, M. J. (1998). Getting the right idea: Semantic activation in the right hemisphere may help solve insight problems. Psychological Science, 9, 435–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchner, A. (1999). Komplexes Problemlösen vor dem Hintergrund der Theorie finiter Automaten. Psychologische Rundschau, 50, 206–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunge, S., Wendelken, C., Badre, D., & Wagner, A. (2005). Analogical reasoning and prefrontal cortex: Evidence for separable retrieval and integration mechanisms. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 239–249.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 55–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, R. P., & Snyder, A. W. (2011). Facilitate insight by non-invasive brain stimulation. PLoS ONE, 6(2), e16655.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Danek, A. H., Fraps, T., Müller, A. von, Grothe, B., & Öllinger, M. (2013). Aha! experiences leave a mark: facilitated recall of insight solutions. Psychological Research, 77(5), 659–669.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, S. P. (1990). Plans, goals and selection rules in comprehension of computer programs. Behaviour and Information Technology, 9, 201–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeGroot, A. D. (1965). Thought and choice in chess. Mouton: The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, A., & Haider, H. (2015). Human creativity, evolutionary algorithms, and predictive representations: The mechanics of thought trials. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(4),897–915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, A., & Kanso, R. (2010). A review of EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies of creativity and insight. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 822–848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dominowski, R. L., & Buyer, L. S. (2000). Retention of problem solutions: The re-solution effect. American Journal of Psychology, 113, 249–274.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dörner, D. (1976). Problemlösen als Informationsverarbeitung. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dörner, D. (1989). Die Logik des Mißlingens. Reinbek: Rowohlt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dörner, D., & Schölkopf, J. (1991). Controlling complex systems: Or Expertise as „grandmother’s know-how.“. In K. A. Ericsson, & J. Smith (Hrsg.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (S. 218–239). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dörner, D., Kreuzig, H. W., Reither, F., & Stäudel, T. (1983). Lohhausen. Vom Umgang mit Unbestimmtheit und Komplexität. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dörner, D., Schaub, H., & Strohschneider, S. (1999). Komplexes Problemlösen – Königsweg der Theoretischen Psychologie? Psychologische Rundschau, 50, 198–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, J., Emslie, H., Williams, P., Johnson, R., & Freer, C. (1996). Intelligence and the frontal lobe: The organization of goal-directed behavior. Cognitive Psychology, 30, 257–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncker, K. (1935). Zur Psychologie des produktiven Denkens. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • D´Zurilla, T. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal Of Abnormal Psychology, 78, 107–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-term working memory. Psychological Review, 102, 211–245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., & Lehmann, A. C. (1996). Expert and exceptional performance: Evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 273–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Roemer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J. S. B. T. (2008). Dual-Processing Accounts of Reasoning, Judgment, and Social Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernando, C., Goldstein, R., & Szathmáry, E. (2010). The neuronal replicator hypothesis. Neural Computation, 22, 2809–2857.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fitts, P. M., & Posner, M. I. (1967). Human Performance. London: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frensch, P. A., & Funke, J. (Hrsg.). (2014). Complex problem solving: The European perspective. Hove, Sussex: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frith, C. (2000). The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the selection of action as revealed by functional imaging. In S. S. Monsell, & J. J. Driver (Hrsg.), Control of cognitive processes: attention and performance XVIII. Cambridge, US: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funke, J. (1984). Diagnose der westdeutschen Problemlöseforschung in Form einiger Thesen. Sprache und Kognition, 3, 159–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funke, J. (1995). Experimental research on complex problem solving. In P. A. Frensch, & J. Funke (Hrsg.), Complex problem solving: The European perspective (S. 243–268). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funke, J. (1999). Komplexes Problemlösen – Ein Blick zurück und ein Blick nach vorne. Psychologische Rundschau, 50, 194–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funke, J. (2003). Problemlösendes Denken. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funke, J. (2006). Komplexes Problemlösen. In J. Funke (Hrsg.), Denken und Problemlösen Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Themenbereich C: Theorie und Forschung, Serie II: Kognition, (Bd. 8, S. 375–446). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7(2), 155–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D., & Toupin, C. (1986). Systematicity and surface similarity in the development of analogy. Cognitive Science, 10, 277–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D., Rattermann, M. J., & Forbus, K. D. (1993). The roles of similarity in transfer: Separating retrievability from inferential soundness. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 524–575.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D., Holyoak, K. J., & Kokinov, B. N. (2001). The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science. Cambridge: MIT-Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gick, M. L., & Holyoak, K. J. (1980). Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 306–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gick, M. L., & Holyoak, K. J. (1983). Schema induction and analogical transfer. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gobet, F. (1998). Expert memory: A comparison of four theories. Cognition, 66, 115–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goel, V., & Grafman, J. (1995). Are the frontal lobes implicated in „planning“ functions? Interpreting data from the Tower of Hanoi. Neuropsychologia, 33, 623–642.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, E. R., & Spivey, M. J. (2003). Eye movements and problem solving: guiding attention guides thought. Psychological Science, 14(5), 462–466.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J. G. (1978). Natures of problem solving abilities. In K. W. Estes (Hrsg.), Handbook of learning and cognitive processes (Bd. 5, S. 239–270). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groen, G. J., & Patel, V. L. (1988). The relationship between comprehension and reasoning in medical expertise. In M. T. H. Chi, & R. Glaser (Hrsg.), The nature of expertise (S. 287–310). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, H. E. (1995). Insight and affect in the history of science. In R. J. Sternberg, & J. E. Davidson (Hrsg.), The nature of insight (S. 397–431). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider, H., & Frensch, P. A. (1996). The role of information reduction in skill acquisition. Cognitive Psychology, 30, 304–337.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haider, H., & Frensch, P. A. (2002). Why aggregated learning follows the power law of practice when individual learning does not: Comment on Rickard (1997, 1999), Delaney et al. (1998), and Palmeri (1999). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 28, 392–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider, H., & Kluwe, R. H. (1994). Erwerb kognitiver Leistungen. Eine experimentelle Prüfung der ’Instance Theory’ von Logan (1988). Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 41, 39–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holding, D. H. (1992). Theories of chess skill. Psychological Research, 54, 10–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holyoak, K. J. (2005). Analogy. In K. J. Holyoak, & R. G. Morrison (Hrsg.), The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning (S. 117–142). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holyoak, K. J., & Koh, K. (1987). Surface and structural similarity in analogical transfer. Memory and Cognition, 15, 332–340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holyoak, K. J., & Thagard, P. (1995). Mental leaps: Analogy in creative thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummel, J. E., & Holyoak, K. J. (1997). Distributed representations of structure: A theory of analogical access and mapping. Psychological Review, 104, 427–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. (2003). Testing two cognitive theories of insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(5), 1017–1027.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung-Beeman, M., Bowden, E., Haberman, J., Frymiare, J., Arambel-Liu, S., Greenblatt, R., & Reber, P. (2004). Neural activity when people solve verbal problems with insight. Plos Biology, 2, 500–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kammer, T., & Karnath, H. O. (2006). Manifestationen von Frontalhirnschädigungen. In H. O. Karnath, & P. Thier (Hrsg.), Neuropsychologie. Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, C. A., & Simon, H. A. (1990). In search of insight. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 374–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karnath, H. O., & Thier, P. (Hrsg.). (2006). Neuropsychologie. Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katona, G. (1940). Organizing and memorizing: Studies in the psychology of learning and teaching. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, M. T. (1989). Modelling problem solving in Gestalt „insight“ problems. Irish Journal of Psychology, 10, 201–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keane, M. T. (1997). What makes an analogy difficult? The effects of order and causal structure on analogical mapping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 23, 946–967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, M. T., Ledgeway, T., & Duff, S. (1994). Constraints on analogical mapping: A comparison of three models. Cognitive Science, 18, 387–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw, T. C., & Ohlsson, S. (2004). Multiple causes of difficulty in insight: The case of the Nine-Dot Problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 30, 3–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiesewetter, J., Ebersbach, R., Görlitz, Görlitz, M., Fischer, & Fischer, M. R. (2013). Cognitive problem solving patterns of medical students correlate with success in diagnostic case solutions. PloS one, 8(8), e71486.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, K. C. (1993). Belastung und Entlastung beim Problemlösen: Eine Theorie des deklarativen Vereinfachens. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klix, F. (1971). Information und Verhalten. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoblich, G., Ohlsson, S., Haider, H., & Rhenius, D. (1999). Constraint relaxation and chunk decomposition in insight problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 25, 1534–1556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoblich, G., Ohlsson, S., & Raney, G. (2001). An eye movement study of insight problem solving. Memory and Cognition, 29, 1233–1242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knowlton, B. J., & Holyoak, K. J. (2009). Prefrontal substrate of human relational reasoning. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Hrsg.), The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, USA, London, UK: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koechlin, E., Gianpaolo, B., Pietro, P., Panzer, S., & Grafman, J. (1999). The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition. Nature, 399, 148–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Köhler, W. (1921). Intelligenzprüfungen am Menschenaffen. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Köhler, W. (1947). Gestalt Psychology. New York: Livewright.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kounios, J., & Beeman, M. (2014). The cognitive neuroscience of insight. Annual review of psychology, 65, 71–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, W. (1982). Problemlösen – Stand und Perspektiven Teil 1. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 19, 17–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavric, A., Forstmeier, S., & Rippon, G. (2000). Differences in working memory involvement in analytical and creative tasks: an ERP study. NeuroReport, 11(8), 1613–1618.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesgold, A., Rubinson, H., Feltovich, P., Glaser, R., Klopfer, D., & Wang, Y. (1988). Expertise in a complex skill: Diagnosing x-ray pictures. In M. T. H. Chi, & R. Glaser (Hrsg.), The nature of expertise (S. 311–342). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, G. D. (1988). Toward an instance theory of automatization. Psychological Review, 95, 492–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovett, M. C., & Anderson, J. R. (1996). History of success and current context in problem solving: Combined influences on operator selection. Cognitive Psychology, 31, 168–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luchins, A. S. (1942). Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. Psychological Monographs, 54(6).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luchins, A. S., & Luchins, E. H. (1959). Rigidity of behavior: A variational approach to the effect

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, J., & Niki, K. (2003). Function of hippocampus in „insight“ of problem solving. Hippocampus, 13, 316–323.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor, J. N., Ormerod, T. C., & Chronicle, E. P. (2001). Information-processing and insight: A process model of performance on the nind-dot and related problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 27, 176–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier, N. R. F. (1930). Reasoning in humans: I. On direction. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 10, 115–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, N. R. F. (1931). Reasoning in humans. II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 12, 181–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandler, J. M., & Mandler, G. (1964). Thinking: from association to Gestalt. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markman, A. B., & Gentner, D. (1993). Structural alignment during similarity comparisons. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 431–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R. E. (1992). Thinking, problem solving, cognition (2. Aufl.). New York, NY: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, J., & Wiebe, D. (1987). Intuition in insight and noninsight problem solving. Memory and Cognition, 15, 238–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex „frontal lobe“ tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newell, A. (1990). Unified theories of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsche, M. A., Cohen, L. G., Wassermann, E. M., Priori, A., Lang, N., Antal, A., Paulus, W., Hummel, F., Boggio, P. S., & Fregni, F. (2008). Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008. Brain Stimulation, 1(3), 206–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohlsson, S. (1992). Information-processing explanations of insight and related phenomena. In M. Keane, & K. Gilhooly (Hrsg.), Advances in the psychology of thinking (S. 1–44). London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Öllinger, M., Jones, G., & Knoblich, G. (2008). Investigating the effect of set on insight problem solving. Experimental Psychology, 55, 270–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Öllinger, M., Jones, G., & Knoblich, G. (2014). The dynamics of search, impasse, and representational change provide a coherent explanation of difficulty in the nine-dot problem. Psychological Research, 78, 266–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, A. M., Downes, J. J., Sahakian, B. J., Polkey, C. E., & Robbins, T. W. (1990). Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia, 28, 1021–1034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer, R., & Bongard, J. C. (2006). How the body shapes the way we think. A new view of intelligence. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretz, J. E., Naples, A. J., & Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Recognizing, defining, and representing problems. In J. E. Davidson, & R. J. Steinberg (Hrsg.), The psychology of problem solving (S. 3–30). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Putz-Osterloh, W., & Lüer, G. (1981). The predictability of complex problem solving by performance on an intelligence test. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 28, 309–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert, U., & Dörner, D. (1988). Heurismen beim Umgang mit einem einfachen dynamischen System. Sprache und Kognition, 7, 12–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitman, W. R. (1965). Cognition and thought: An information processing approach. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reverberi, C., Toraldo, A., D’Agostini, S., & Skrap, M. (2005). Better without (lateral) frontal cortex? Insight problems solved by frontal patients. Brain, 128, 2882–2890.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robin, N., & Holyoak, K. J. (1995). Relational complexity and the functions of prefrontal cortex. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Hrsg.), The cognitive neurosciences (S. 987–997). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheerer, M. (1963). Problem-Solving. Scientific American, 208, 118–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, H. G., & Boshuizen, H. P. (1993). On acquiring expertise in medicine. Educational Psychology Review, 5, 205–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, U., Wirth, J., & Polkehn, K. (1999). Analogical transfer of non-isomorphic source problems. In M. Hahn, & S. C. Stoness (Hrsg.), Proceedings of the 21st Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (S. 631–636). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schooler, J. W., Ohlsson, S., & Brooks, K. (1993). Thoughts beyond words: When language overshadows insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 166–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 198, 199–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shallice, T. (1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. (1986). The information processing explanation of Gestalt phenomena. Computers in Human Behaviour, 2, 241–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. Oxford, UK: Appleton-Century.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (1996). Pragmatics in analogical mapping. Cognitive Psychology, 31, 307–346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spies, K., & Hesse, F. (1987). Problemlösen. In G. Lüer (Hrsg.), Allgemeine Experimentelle Psychologie (S. 371–430). Stuttgart: Fischer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. J., & Davidson, J. E. (Hrsg.). (1995). The nature of insight. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenenbaum, J. B., Thomas, L. G., & Charles, K. (2006). Theory-based Bayesian models of inductive learning and reasoning. Trends in cognitive sciences, 10(7), 309–318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J. C. (1974). An analysis of behavior in the hobbits-orcs problem. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 257–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L. E., & Lleras, A. (2007). Moving eyes and moving thought: on the spatial compatibility between eye movements and cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(4), 663–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L. E., & Lleras, A. (2009). Swinging into though: directed movement guides insight in problem solving. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 719–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. Bd. 8. New York: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. L. (1911). Animal Intelligence: Experimental studies. New York: Macmillian.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Underwood, G. (Hrsg.). (2005). Cognitive processes in eye guidance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, D. A., & Scurrah, M. J. (1971). Some characteristics of human problem-solving in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 2, 454–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, D. (1998). Komplexe Regelungsprozesse. Eine kognitionswissenschaftliche Analyse. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. London: Cape.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallisch, P., Lusignan, M. E., Benayoun, M. D., Baker, T. I., Dickey, A. S., & Hatsopoulos, N. G. (2014). MATLAB for neuroscientists: an introduction to scientific computing in MATLAB. London, UK: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg, R. W. (1986). Creativity: Genius and other myths. New York, NY: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg, R. W., & Alba, J. W. (1981). An examination of the alleged role of „fixation“ in the solution of several „insight“ problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 169–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, M. (1925). Drei Abhandlungen zur Gestalttheorie. Erlangen: Verlag der Philosophischen Akademie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, M. (1964). Produktives Denken. Frankfurt am Main: Kramer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wharton, C. M., & Grafman, J. G. (1998). Deductive reasoning and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 54–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wickelgren, W. A. (1974). How to solve problems. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parmenides Center for the Study of Thinking, Kirchplatz 1, 82049, München/Pullach, Deutschland

    Dr. Michael Öllinger

Authors
  1. Dr. Michael Öllinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Öllinger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Psychologie, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Jochen Müsseler

  2. UMIT – Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Institut für Psychologie, Hall in Tirol, Austria

    Martina Rieger

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Öllinger, M. (2017). Problemlösen. In: Müsseler, J., Rieger, M. (eds) Allgemeine Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53898-8_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53898-8_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-53897-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-53898-8

  • eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation