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Sample Preparation Techniques for GC

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Practical Gas Chromatography

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Abstract

Sample preparation is still considered the most time-consuming and error-prone step within the analytical process in many research fields. This is particularly true in food and environmental analysis where the complexity of many of the investigated matrices and the low concentration levels at which the target compounds should be accurately determined made necessary the use of tedious and highly manipulative multistep sample preparation protocols. This chapter reviews current state of the art in the field of sample preparation for combined use with gas chromatographic-based techniques. The most relevant developments achieved in the last two decades in this active research area have been reviewed and discussed on the basis of representative application studies primarily taken from the environmental and food fields. As in other research areas, miniaturisation and increased integration of the several treatment steps typically required for the preparation of these matrices are revealed as the most relevant trends within this step of the analytical process.

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Abbreviations

DDME:

Drop-to-drop micro-extraction

DLLME:

Dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction

DPX:

Disposable pipette extraction

d-SPE:

Dispersive solid-phase extraction

HF(2/3)ME:

Hollow fibre-protected two/three-phase micro-extraction

HS:

Headspace

ISPE:

Immuno solid-phase extraction

LLE:

Liquid–liquid extraction

LVI:

Large volume injection

MAE:

Microwave-assisted extraction

MEPS:

Micro-extraction in packed syringe

MIP:

Molecular imprinted polymer

MSPD:

Matrix solid-phase dispersion

nd-SPME:

Non-depletive solid-phase micro-extraction

PLE:

Pressurised liquid extraction

SBSE:

Stir-bar-sorptive extraction

SDME:

Single-drop micro-extraction

SFE:

Supercritical fluid extraction

SLE:

Solid–liquid extraction

SME:

Solvent micro-extraction

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SPME:

Solid-phase micro-extraction

USE:

Ultrasound-assisted extraction

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Acknowledgements

Author thanks MINECO (CTQ2010-32957) and CM and FEDER program (project S2009/AGR-1464, ANALISYC-II) for financial support.

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  1. Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Lourdes Ramos

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Katja Dettmer-Wilde

  2. Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Werner Engewald

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Ramos, L. (2014). Sample Preparation Techniques for GC. In: Dettmer-Wilde, K., Engewald, W. (eds) Practical Gas Chromatography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54640-2_16

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