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The Role of Nuclear Medicine in Relation to Alternative Modalities

  • Chapter
Molecular Nuclear Medicine

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Abstract

Optical imaging techniques such as fluorescent microscopy or bioluminescence have for a long time been used in vitro in molecular biology (Contag et al. 1998; Flotte et al. 1998; Moore et al. 1998 a, b; Simonova et al. 1999). Reporter genes with an optical signature (e.g. fluorescence, bioluminescence) can be linked to genetic regulatory elements that can reveal spatial and temporal information about a variety of biological processes at the level of transcription (Contag et al. 1995, 1998). Several technical advances in the field of photon generation as well as photon detection have opened the door for taking these techniques one step further and probe for optical molecular beacons in vivo. Application of light in the near infrared range (NIR) which travels more efficiently through the tissue-compared visible light (Chance 1998), highly sensitive CCD-technology and various techniques such as phase modulation, ultra-fast imaging with early arriving photons and diffuse optical tomography are currently being explored to apply optical imaging to detection of deeper structures in vivo (Boas et al. 1994; Wu et al. 1997; Chance 1998; Mahmood et al. 1999; Ntziachristos et al. 2000). Recently, diffuse optical tomography has successfully been applied to detect breast lesions in a clinical setting (Ntziachristos et al. 2000). Besides the macroscopic diagnostic level, at the microscopic level, 10 urn resolution is achievable using optical coherence tomography (Boppart et al. 1997; Tearney et al. 1997), a technique analogous to ultrasound. Subsurface imaging of fluorescence (Mahmood et al. 1999; Weissleder et al. 1999) can be brought to the subcellular level in mouse models with intravital microscopy (Fukumura et al. 1998; Monsky et al. 1999; Dellian et al. 2000). Bioluminescence imaging (Contag et al. 1997, 2000; Sweeney et al. 1999) can be used to follow transgene expression in the whole animal, albeit at somewhat lower resolution. Various optical imaging marker genes and optical imaging probes have been developed over the last years and will be briefly discussed in the following sections.

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Authors
  1. Christoph Bremer
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  2. Ralph Weissleder
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Wannental 45, 88131, Lindau, Germany

    Ludwig E. Feinendegen M.D. (Professor Emeritus Nuclear Medicine) (Professor Emeritus Nuclear Medicine)

  2. Radiology and Medicine SUNY, Stonybrook, USA

    Walton W. Shreeve M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus) (Professor Emeritus)

  3. Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA

    Walton W. Shreeve M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus) (Professor Emeritus)

  4. National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bldg. 10, Rm 1C401 10 Center Drive, MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1180, USA

    William C. Eckelman Ph. D. (Chief PET Department) (Chief PET Department)

  5. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sung-Ae General Hospital, Shingil-1-Dong, Youngdungpo-Gu, Seoul, 121-200, Korea

    Yong-Whee Bahk M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus (CUK) and Director) (Professor Emeritus (CUK) and Director)

  6. Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA

    Henry N. Wagner Jr. M. D.

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© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Bremer, C., Weissleder, R. (2003). The Role of Nuclear Medicine in Relation to Alternative Modalities. In: Feinendegen, L.E., Shreeve, W.W., Eckelman, W.C., Bahk, YW., Wagner, H.N. (eds) Molecular Nuclear Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55539-8_30

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55539-8_30

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62427-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55539-8

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