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Anesthesia

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Surgery

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Abstract

There are five methods of administration of anesthesia: local, monitored anesthesia care (MAC), a peripheral nerve block, regional anesthesia, and general anesthesia. Local anesthesia involves infiltration of a surgical site with a local anesthetic to render the site insensitive to pain. Monitored anesthesia care involves monitoring a patient with standard noninvasive monitors, infiltrating the surgical site with a local anesthetic, and/or administering a sedative(s) and/or analgesic(s) intravenously to make a patient comfortable. Sedation may range from minimal, in which the patient is in an awake, relaxed state, to deep. A peripheral nerve block involves injecting a local anesthetic around a nerve or plexus of nerves to render a specific dermatome or dermatomes insensitive to pain. Such blocks are usually reserved for superficial operations on the extremities; examples include blockade of the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, sciatic nerve, femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and obturator nerve. Intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier block), another example of a peripheral nerve block, is produced by injecting large volumes of a local anesthetic intravenously into an extremity to be anesthetized while circulation to that extremity is occluded by a tourniquet.

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Authors
  1. Russell T. Wall
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, San Francisco, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief) (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief)

  2. Surgical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief) (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief)

  3. Division of General Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD (Professor of Surgery, Professor of Immunology, Chief) (Professor of Surgery, Professor of Immunology, Chief)

  4. Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  5. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  6. Division of General Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD (Professor of Surgery, Chief) (Professor of Surgery, Chief)

  7. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Harper Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD (Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Chief of Thoracic Oncology) (Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Chief of Thoracic Oncology)

  8. Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD (Associate Professor of Surgery) (Associate Professor of Surgery)

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© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Wall, R.T. (2001). Anesthesia. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57282-1_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57282-1_21

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