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Cadmium

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Schwermetalle in Böden

Zusammenfassung

Bei Cadmium, einem Element der Gruppe IIb des Periodensystems, handelt es sich um ein verhältnismäßig seltenes Metall, das auf Position 67 der Elementhäufigkeitsliste steht. Es erfüllt keine essentielle biologische Funktion und wirkt hochgradig toxisch auf Tiere und Pflanzen. Die normalerweise in der Umwelt anzutreffenden Cadmiumgehalte führen jedoch nicht zu akuten Vergiftungserscheinungen. Die größte Gefährdung der menschlichen Gesundheit durch Cadmium ist seine chronische Toxizität durch Ansammlung in den Nieren. Dort kommt es zu Funktionsstörungen, wenn der Cadmiumgehalt in der Nierenrinde 200 mg/kg Frischgewicht übersteigt [1]. Die Nahrung stellt den Hauptweg dar, auf dem Cadmium in den Körper gelangt, allerdings sind Rauchen und berufsbedingte Exposition gegenüber CdO-Dämpfen ebenfalls wichtige Quellen für dieses Element. Der von der FAO und der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) empfohlene maximal tolerierbare Aufnahmewert liegt bei 400–500 μg/Woche, entsprechend etwa 70 μg/Tag [1]. Die durchschnittliche Aufnahme mit der Nahrung schwankt weltweit zwischen 25 und 75 μg/Tag [2], und dort, wo die Aufnahme im obersten Bereich liegt, ergeben sich ganz klar Probleme. Raucher nehmen im Durchschnitt 20–35 μg Cd/Tag zusätzlich zur normalen Nichtraucherdosis auf.

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    Brian J. Alloway

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Alloway, B.J. (1999). Cadmium. In: Alloway, B.J. (eds) Schwermetalle in Böden. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58384-1_7

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