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The Role of Retinoids in Vertebrate Limb Morphogenesis: Integration of Retinoid- and Cytokine-Mediated Signal Transduction

  • Chapter
Retinoids

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 139))

Abstract

Vitamins, important accessory molecules required for a large number of physiological processes, were discovered at the turn of this century. It has long been recognized that in the absence of vitamin A, the growth of animals is adversely affected (Mc Collum and Davis 1913; Osborne and Mendel 1913). In the 1940s and 1950s, Warkany and colleagues studied the development of vitamin A deficient rats (e.g., WIlson et al. 1953). These investigations resulted in the identification of a broad spectrum of developmental defects in offspring of vitamin A deficient rats such as heart, lung, thymus and digestive tract dysmorphogenesis. Studies in the 1920s by Wolbach and Howe (1925) provided the first link between vitamin A status and tissue histology. These investigators showed that a deficiency in vitamin A causes squamous metaplasia and keratinization of most columnar epithelia of the body. Subsequently, Fell and Mellanby (1953) showed that high concentrations of vitamin A suppressed keratinization of epithelia and caused this tissue to differentiate into a mucussecreting, ciliated epithelium.

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  1. H.-C. Lu
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  2. C. Thaller
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  3. G. Eichele
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Toxicology Center of Food Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofholer Damm, D-30173, Hannover, Germany

    Heinz Nau

  2. Department of Medicine Division of Preventive Medicine & Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    William S. Blaner Ph.D.

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Lu, HC., Thaller, C., Eichele, G. (1999). The Role of Retinoids in Vertebrate Limb Morphogenesis: Integration of Retinoid- and Cytokine-Mediated Signal Transduction. In: Nau, H., Blaner, W.S. (eds) Retinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 139. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58483-1_13

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