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Zur Biogeochemie und Bilanzierung von Schwermetallen in der Ostsee

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Geochemie und Umwelt

Zusammenfassung

Das einzigartige Eiszeitprodukt „Ostsee“ ist ein erdgeschichtlich junges (ca. 10 000 a) intraeuropäisches, epikontinentales Brackwassermeer mit einem Wasservolumen von 21 721 km3 und einer Fläche von 415 266 km2 (Håkanson 1993). Als flaches (mittlere Tiefe: 52,3 m) und praktisch gezeitenloses (der Tidenhub in der Beltsee liegt bei < 0,1–0,2 m) Nebenmeer des Nordostatlantik steht sie mit diesem über Skagerrak/Nordsee im Wasseraustausch, der jedoch durch Meerengen (Großer Belt, Kleiner Belt und Öresund) und Schwellen (Wassertiefe zum Sattelscheitel: Darß-Møn-Schwelle 18 m, Drodgen-Schwelle — Südausgang Oresund — 6 m) behindert wird (Abb. 17.1). Die sich daraus ergebende relativ lange Verweilzeit des Wassers führt zur Akkumulation von Verunreinigungen, die vor allem aus den neun hoch-industrialisierten Küstenstaaten und der Atmosphäre eingetragen werden. Das rund 1,73 • 106 km2 große und von etwa 80 Millionen Menschen besiedelte Wassereinzugsgebiet (100%) umfaßt jedoch nicht nur die gesamten Territorien Estlands (2,6%), Lettlands (3,7%) und Litauens (3,8%), praktisch ganz Polen (17,8%), Schweden (25,3%) und Finnland (17,5%) sowie Teile Deutschlands (1,5%), Dänemarks (1,7%) und Rußlands (18,7%), sondern auch Gebiete von nicht an die Ostsee grenzenden Staaten (Norwegen: 0,8%, Slowakien/Tschechien: 0,8%, Ukraine: 0,9% und Weißrußland: 4,9%). Die Quellen atmosphärischer Verunreinigungen lassen sich sogar bis in außereuropäische Regionen zurückverfolgen (HELCOM 1991; Petersen u. Krüger 1993).

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Authors
  1. Lutz Brügmann
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  2. Jörg Matschullat
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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Brügmann, L., Matschullat, J. (1997). Zur Biogeochemie und Bilanzierung von Schwermetallen in der Ostsee. In: Geochemie und Umwelt. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59038-2_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59038-2_17

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