Abstract
Several methods have been devised and used over the years for the determination of waveguide parameters; a few are related to, or derived from, techniques used for optical fibre characterisation, but many are significantly different from their fibre counterparts, or have no counterpart at all in the field of fibres. This difference comes from several reasons, namely from the wide variety of optical materials, refractive index and index differences, dispersion, geometrical shape and symmetry properties, and fabrication techniques which are commonplace in the field of integrated optics. This is in contrast with the far more circumscribed range for fibres, which exhibit (nearly perfect) cylindrical symmetry, negligible attenuation, small refractive index difference, well-known material properties and (obvious but very important) flexibility and availability in long lengths.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. Pozzi, C. De Bernardi, and S. Morasca, “Group effective indices of different types of optical fibres measured around 1550 nm.” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 3190–3192, 1994.
E.P. Belserene, “Rhythms of a variable star”, Sky and Telescope, pp. 288-290, 1988.
R.C. Youngquist, S. Carry, and D.E.N. Davies, “ Optical coherence-domain reflectometry: a new optical evaluation technique”. Opt. Lett., vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 158–160, 1987.
K. Takada, I. Yokohama, K. Chida, and J. Noda, “ New measurement system for fault location in optical waveguide devices based on an interferometric technique”, Appl. Opt., vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 1603–1606, 1987.
B.L. Danielson and C.D. Whittenberg, “Guided wave retlectometry with micrometre resolution”, Appl. Opt., vol. 26, No. 14, pp. 2836–2842, 1987.
K. Takada, N. Takato, J. Noda, and N, Uchida, “Interferometric optical-time-domain reflectometer to determine backscattering characterisation of silica-based glass waveguides”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 857–867, May 1990.
Ch. Zimmer and H.H. Gilgen, “Optical retlectometry for integrated optical components”, Proceedings ECIO 93, April 1993, Neuchatel, Switzerland, pp. 14–16.
P. Lambelet, P.Y. Fonjallaz, H.G. Limberger, R.P. Salate, Ch. Zimmer, and H.H. Gilgen, “Bragg grating characterisation by optical low-coherence reflectometry”, IEEE Photon. Technol Letters, vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 565–567, May 1993.
K. Takada, A. Himeno, and K. Yukimatsu, “Resolution control of low-coherence optical time-domain reflectometrer between 14 and 290 urn”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Letters, vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 676–678, July 1991.
A. Kohlhaas, C. Fromchen, and E. Brinkmeyer, “High-resolution OCDR for testing integrated-optical waveguides: Dispersion-corrupted experimental data corrected by numerical algorithm”, J Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, No. 11, pp. 1493–1502, 1991.
L.-T. Wang, K. Liyama, F. Tsukada, N. Yoshida, and K. Hayashi, “ Loss measurement in optical waveguide devices by coherent frequency-modulated continuous-wave reflectometry”, Opt. Lett., vol. 18, No. 13, pp. 1095–1097, 1993.
D. Brooks and S. Ruschin, “Improved near-field method for refractive index measurement of optical waveguides”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 8 no. 2, pp. 254–256, 1996.
Y. Yang,, N.P. Galatsanos, and H. Stark, “Projection-based blind deconvolution”, J.Opt.Soc.Am. A, vol. 11, pp. 2401–2409, 1994.
N.F. Law and D.T. Nguyen, “Improved convergence of projection based blind deconvolution”, Electron. Lett., vol. 31 no. 20, pp. 1732–1733, 1995.
W.T. Anderson and D.L. Philen, “Spot size measurements for single-mode fibers - a comparison of four techniques”. J.Lightwave Technol., vol.LT-1, p. 20, 1983.
M. Artiglia, G. Coppa, P. Di Vita, M. Potenza, and A. Sharma, “ Mode field diameter measurements in single-mode optical fibers.” J.Lightwave Technol., vol.7, p. 1139, 1989.
M. Halfmann, Messung der Feldverteilung mid des Brechzahlprofils von integriertoptischen Wellenleitern. Thesis. University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, 1994.
R. Gold, “An iterative unfolding method for response matrices.” AEC Res. and Develop. Rep. ANL-6984, Argonne National Lab., 1964.
O. Leminger and R. Zengerle, “Eigenmode calculation of dielectric waveguides near cutoff using the Rayleigh-Ritz method with rational basis functions.” Opt. Quantum Electron., vol. 27, p. 1009, 1995.
S.I. Najafi, Introduction to Glass Integrated Optics, Artech House, Inc., Norwood, MA., 1992.
G. Lamouche and S.I. Najafi, “Scalar Finite-Element Evaluation of Cut-Off Wavelength in Glass Wave Guides and Comparison with Experiment”, Can. J. Phys. vol. 68, pp. 1251–1256, 1990.
Y. Kitayama and S. Tanaka,: “Length Dependence of LPn Mode Cutoff and its Influence on the Chromatic Dispersion Measurements by Phase Shift Method”, SPIE, vol. 584. pp. 229–234, 1985.
G. Coppa, B. Costa, P. Di Vita, and U. Rossi, “ Cut-Off Wavelength and Mode-Field Diameter Measurements in Single-Mode Fibers”, SPIE, vol. 584, pp. 210–214, 1985.
CCITT Recommendation G.652 “Characteristics of Single-Mode Optical Fibre Cable”, Geneva, 1984.
K. Thyagarajan, A. Enard, P. Kayoun, D. Papillon, and M. Papuchon,“Measurement of Guided Mode Cut-Off Wavelengths in Ti:LiNbO3 Channel Waveguides”, European Conference on Integrated Optics, ECIO ’85, pp. 236–239, 1985.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
De Bernardi, C., Küng, A., Leminger, O. (1999). Methods for waveguide characterisation. In: Guekos, G. (eds) Photonic Devices for Telecommunications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59889-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59889-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64168-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59889-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive