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Immunologie des Intestinaltrakts

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Darmkrankheiten
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Zusammenfassung

Die Grenzflächen der gastrointestinalen Mukosa stellen mit 100–400 m2 die größte Oberfläche dar, mit der der Körper mit der Außenwelt in Kontakt steht. Über diese Oberfläche muß sich der Mensch mit zahlreichen Mikroorganismen und Substanzen des Darmlumens, die für den Körper Fremdstoffe (Antigene) darstellen, auseinandersetzen. Da die Aufnahme dieser Antigene für den Menschen deletäre Folgen haben kann, muß die Mukosa im Gastrointestinaltrakt über sehr effektive Mechanismen verfügen, um den Organismus vor dem Eindringen dieser Fremdstoffe zu schützen. Für diese Aufgabe besitzt der Gastrointestinaltrakt sog. „angeborene, antigen-unspezifische Abwehrsysteme“ sowie antigenspezifische Systeme, die durch Reaktionen des Immunsystems (der sog. „erworbenen Abwehr“) vermittelt werden. Das Immunsystem unterscheidet unter physiologischen Bedingungen mit hoher Selektivität pathogene Keime von apathogenen Keimen, wobei pathogene Keime nach spezifischer Antikörperproduktion rasch eliminiert werden und systemische Immunreaktionen auf Nahrungsmittelantigene und Antigene der physiologischen Darmflora unterdrückt werden.

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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Stallmach, A., Zeitz, M. (1999). Immunologie des Intestinaltrakts. In: Caspary, W.F., Stein, J. (eds) Darmkrankheiten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59960-6_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59960-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64197-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59960-6

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