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The Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Estrogen in Reducing Risk

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Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: From Gene to Prevention

Part of the book series: Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer’s Disease ((ALZHEIMER))

Summary

Dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease is among the most feared accompaniments of aging. There is a strong biological rationale for the use of estrogen replacement after the menopause to help reduce a woman’s risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Women with this disorder are less likely to use estrogens than control subjects and, among women with Alzheimer’s disease, those who use estrogen perform better on cognitive tasks than those who do not. The strongest data on Alzheimer’s prevention are based on case-control and cohort studies in which information on estrogen use was collected prospectively, before the onset of dementia symptoms. Studies from the Leisure World retirement community in southern California, New York City, Baltimore, and Rochester, Minnesota, imply that estrogen replacement therapy is associated with Alzheimer’s risk reductions of about one-third to one-half. In several studies, a dose-response relationship has been observed, such that women who have greater estrogen exposures (higher doses or longer durations of therapy) also have lower risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease. An association between Alzheimer’s disease and estrogen has not been discerned in all studies, however. In the future, the role of estrogen will best be determined from results of properly designed randomized, placebo-controlled, primary prevention trials of estrogen.

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  1. Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, 1420 San Pablo Street, Suite PMB-B105, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA

    V. W. Henderson

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  1. The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Richard Mayeux MD

  2. Pour la Recherche Thérapeutique, Fondation IPSEN, 24, rue Erlanger, 75781, Paris Cedex 16, France

    Y. Christen Ph.D.

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Henderson, V.W. (1999). The Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Estrogen in Reducing Risk. In: Mayeux, R., Christen, Y. (eds) Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: From Gene to Prevention. Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer’s Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60076-0_5

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