Biosynthesis, Secretion and Biological Action of the Female Sex Hormones

Abstract

The ovary contains several compartments that are characterized by different patterns of biosynthesis. The epithelial cells of the follicle synthesize predominantly estradiol and estrone, luteinized granulosa cells progesterone, stroma and interstitium androstenedione and testosterone. The respective secretion rates of these hormones are, depending on the stage of the cycle: 30—200 µ/24 h for estradiol, 0.6–20 mg/24 h for progesterone, and 0.2–1 mg/24 h for androstenedione. The mentioned steroids are not only secreted but they are also produced from precursors in the liver and other tissues. Hence the major part of the plasma estrone in men and postmenopausal women originates from peripheral conversion of androstenedione secreted from the adrenal cortex. In men estradiol is additionally produced from testosterone secreted from the Lydig cells.