Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Transforming Protein of Avian Sarcoma Viruses and Its Homologue in Normal Cells

  • Chapter
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 91))

Abstract

Avian sarcoma viruses (ASVs) are a particularly useful and interesting group of agents for the study of biochemical aspects of malignant transformation. They produce fibrosarcomas upon injection into a variety of avian and mammalian species and rapidly transform avian fibroblasts in culture. Investigation with these viruses is aided greatly by the fact that the transforming agent is nondefective (nd) replicating without a helper virus, and this fact may have contributed to a more rapid development of a molecular biologic description of these viruses than has been the case for other RNA tumor viruses. There are several recent and relevant reviews concerning issues to be discussed here that the reader should note (Vogt 1977; Hanafusa 1977; Bishop 1978). In this review, only limited and relevant aspects from these reviews will be covered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahlström CG (1964) Neoplasms in mammals induced by Rous chicken sarcoma material. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 17: 299–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambros VR, Chen LB, Buchanan JM (1975) Surface ruffles as markers for studies of cell transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 3144–3148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ash JF, Vogt PK, Singer S J (1976) Reversion from transformed to normal phenotype by inhibition of protein synthesis in rat kidney cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 3603–3607

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baltimore D (1970) Viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Nature 226: 1209–1211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer H, Janda H-G (1967) Group-specific antigen of avian leukosis viruses. Virus specificity and relation to an antigen contained in Rous mammalian tumor cells. Virology 33: 483–490

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer H, Kurth R, Rohrschneider L, Pauli G, Friis RR, Gelderblom H (1974) The role of cell surface changes in RNA tumor virus-transformed cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 39: 1181–1185

    Google Scholar 

  • Beemon K, Hunter T (1977) In vitro translation yields a possible Rous sarcoma virus src gene product Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 3302–3306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beemon K, Hunter T (1978) Characterization of Rous sarcoma virus src gene products synthesized in vitro. J Virol 28: 551–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beemon K, Hunter T, Sefton BM (1979) Polymorphism of avian sarcoma virus src proteins. J Virol 30: 190–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell JG, Wyke JA, MacPherson IA (1975) Transformation by a temperature sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus in the absence of serum. J Gen Virol 27: 127–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ze Ev A, Duerr A, Solomon F, Penman S (1979) The outer boundary of the cytoskeleton: A lamina derived from plasma membrane proteins. Cell 17: 859–865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein A, MacCormick R, Martin GS (1976) Transformation-defective mutants of avian sarcoma viruses: The genetic relationship between conditional and nonconditional mutants. Virology 70: 206–209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beug H, Claviez M, Jockusch BM, Graf T (1978) Differential expression of Rous sarcoma virus-specific transformation parameters in enucleated cells. Cell 14: 843–856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop JM (1978) Retroviruses. Annu Rev Biochem 47: 35–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge JS, Collett MS, Siddiqui A, Marczynska B, Deinhardt F, Erikson RL (1979) Detection of the viral sarcoma gene product in cells infected with various strains of avian sarcoma virus and of a related protein in uninfected chicken cells. J Virol 29: 1196–1203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge JS, Erikson RL (1977) Identification of a transformation-specific antigen induced by an avian sarcoma virus. Nature 269: 346–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge JS, Erikson E, Erikson RL (1978a) Antibody to virion structural proteins in mammals bearing avian sarcoma virus-induced tumors. Virology 84: 429–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge J, Erikson E, Collett MS, Erikson RL (1978b) Peptide analysis of the transformation-specific antigen from avian sarcoma virus-transformed cells. J Virol 26: 773–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugge JS, Steinbaugh PJ, Erikson RL (1978c) Characterization of the avian sarcoma virus protein pp60src. Virology 91: 130–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrol RC, Ash JF, Vogt PEL, Singer SJ (1978) Reversion of transformed glycolysis to normal by inhibition of protein synthesis in rat kidney cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 5015–5019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland DW, Fischer SG, Kirschner MW, Laemmli UK (1977) Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem 252: 1102–1106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Brugge JS, Erikson RL (1978) Characterization of a normal avian cell protein related to the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product Cell 15: 1363–1369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Erikson RL (1978) Protein kinase activity associated with the avian sarcoma virus src gene product Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 2021–2024

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Erikson E, Erikson RL (1979a) Structural analysis of the avian sarcoma virus trans¬forming protein: Sites of phosphorylation. J Virol 29: 770–781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Erikson E, Purchio AF, Brugge JS, Erikson RL (1979b) A normal cell protein similar in structure and function to the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 3159–3163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collett MS, Purchio AF, Erikson RL (1980) Avian sarcoma virus-transforming protein, pp60src, shows protein kinase activity specific for tyrosine. Nature 285: 167–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesburg PH, Vogt PK (1970) Differences between the ribonucleic acids of transforming and non-transforming avian tumor viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 67: 1673–1680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson E, Collett MS, Erikson RL (1978) In vitro synthesis of a functional avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product Nature 274: 919–921

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson RL, Collett MS, Erikson E, Purchio AF (1979b) Evidence that the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product is a cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 6260–6264

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson RL, Collett MS, Erikson E, Purchio AF, Brugge JS (1979a) Protein phosphorylation mediated by partially purified avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 44: 907–917

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleissner E (1971) Chromatographic separation and antigenic analysis of proteins of the oncornaviruses. I. Avian leukemia-sarcoma viruses. J Virol 8: 778–785

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleissner E, Tress E (1973) Chromatographic and electrophoretic analysis of viral proteins from hamster and chicken cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol 11: 250–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greengard P (1978) Phosphorylated proteins as physiological effectors. Science 199: 146–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groudine M, Weintraub H (1975) Rous sarcoma virus activates embryonic globin genes in chicken fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 4464–4468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammerling U, Aoki T, De Harven E, Boyse EA, Old LJ (1968) Use of hybrid antibody with anti-γG and antiferritin specificities in locating cell surface antigens by electron microscopy. J Exp Med 128: 1461–1473

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanafusa H (1977) Cell transformation by RNA tumor viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 10. Plenum, New York, pp 401–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanafusa H, Halpern CC, Buchhagen DL, Kawai S (1977) Recovery of avian sarcoma virus from tumors induced by transformation defective mutants. J Exp Med 146: 1735–1747

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward WS (1977) Size and genetic content of viral RNA in avian oncovirus-infected cells. J Virol 24: 47–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huebner RJ, Armstrong D, Okuyan M, Sarma PS, Turner HC (1964) Specific complement-fixing viral antigens in hamster and guinea pig tumors induced by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of avian sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 51: 742–750

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter T, Sefton BM (1980) Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma vims phosphorylates tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 1311–1315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes RO (1974) Role of surface alterations in cell transformation: The importance of proteases and surface proteins. Cell 1: 147–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes RO, Destree AT (1978) Relationships between fibronectin (LETS protein) and actin. Cell 15: 875–886

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joho RH, Billeter MA, Weissmann C (1975) Mapping of biological functions of RNA of avian tumor viruses: Location of regions required for transformation and determination of host range. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 4772–4776

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Junghans RP, Hu S, Knight CA, Davidson N (1977) Heteroduplex analysis of avian RNA tumor viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 477–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamine J, Buchanan JM (1977) Cell-free synthesis of two proteins unique to RNA of transforming virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 2011–2015

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamine J, Burr JG, Buchanan JM (1978) Multiple forms of sarc gene proteins from Rous sarcoma virus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 366–370

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karess RE, Hayward WS, Hanafusa H (1979) Cellular information in the genome of recovered avian sarcoma virus directs the synthesis of transforming protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 3154–3158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai S, Duesberg PH, Hanafusa H (1977) Transformation-defective mutants of Rous sarcoma virus with src gene deletions of varying length. J Virol 24: 910–914

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai S, Hanafusa H (1971) The effects of reciprocal changes in temperature on the transformed state of cells infected with a Rous sarcoma virus mutant Virology 46: 470–479

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kletzien RF, Perdue JF (1975) Regulation of sugar transport in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of RSV. Cell 6: 513–520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurth R, Bauer H (1972) Common tumor specific antigens on cells of different species transformed by avian RNA tumor viruses. Virology 49: 145–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurth R, Fenyö EM, Klein E, Essex M (1979) Cell surface antigens induced by RNA tumor viruses. Nature 279: 197–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai MMC, Hu SSF, Vogt PK (1977) Occurrence of partial deletion and substitution of the src gene in the RNA genome of avian sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 4781–4785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson AD, Oppermann H, Levintow L, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1978) Evidence that the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus encodes a protein kinase associated with a phosphoprotein. Cell 15: 561–572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis JB, Atkins JF, Baum PR, Solem R, Gesteland RF, Anderson CW (1976) Location and identification of the genes for adenovirus type 2 early polypeptides. Cell 7: 141–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClain DA, Maness PF, Edelman GM (1978) Assay for early cytoplasmic effects of the src gene product of Rous sarcoma virus Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 2750–2754

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manaker RA, Groupé V (1956) Discrete foci of altered chicken embryo cells associated with Rous sarcoma virus in tissue culture. Virology 2: 838–840

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marczynska B, Deinhardt F, Schulien J, Tischendorf P, Smith RD (1973) Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors in marmosets: Characteristics of tumor cells and host cell-virus interrelationships. J Natl Cancer Inst 51: 1255–1274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin GS (1970) Rous sarcoma virus: A function required for the maintenance of the transformed state. Nature 227: 1021–1023

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oppermann H, Levinson AD, Varmus HE, Levintow L, Bishop JM (1979) Uninfected vertebrate cells contain a protein that is closely related to the product of the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene (src). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 1804–1808

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purchio AF, Erikson E, Brugge JS, Erikson RL (1978) Identification of a polypeptide encoded by the avian sarcoma virus src gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 1567–1571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purchio AF, Erikson E, Erikson RL (1977) Translation of 35S and of subgenomic regions of avian sarcoma virus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 4661–4665

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrschneider LR (1979) Immunofluorescence on avian sarcoma virus-transformed cells: Localization of the src gene product Cell 16: 11–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin CS, Rosen OM (1975) Protein phosphorylation. Annu Rev Biochem 44: 831–887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rübsamen H, Friis RR, Bauer H (1979) src gene product from different strains of avian sarcoma virus: Kinetics and possible mechanism of heat inactivation of protein kinase activity from cells infected by transformation-defective, temperature-sensitive mutant and wild-type virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 967–971

    Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Beemon K, Hunter T (1978) Comparison of the expression of the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 28: 957–971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton BM, Hunter T, Beemon K (1979) Product of in vitro translation of the Rous sarcoma virus src gene has protein kinase activity. J Virol 30: 311–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiu RPC, Pouyssegur J, Pastan I (1977) Glucose depletion accounts for the induction of two transformation-sensitive membrane proteins in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 3840–3844

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer I (1979) The fibronexus: A transmembrane association of fibronectin-containing fibers and bundles of 5 nm microfilaments in hamster and human fibroblasts. Cell 16: 675–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer SJ, Nicolson GL (1972) The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175: 720–731

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spector DH, Smith K, Padgett T, McCombe P, Roulland-Dussoix D, Moscovici C, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1978a) Uninfected avian cells contain RNA related to the transforming gene of avian sarcoma viruses. Cell 13: 371–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spector DH, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1978b) Nucleotide sequences related to the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus are present in DNA of uninfected vertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 4102–4106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stehelin D, Guntaka RV, Varnius HE, Bishop JM (1976a) Purification of DNA complementary to nucleotide sequences required for neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts by avian sarcoma viruses. J Mol Biol 101: 349–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stehelin D, Varmus HE, Bishop JM, Vogt PK (1976b) DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature (Lond) 260: 170–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temin HM, Mizutani S (1970) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 226: 1211–1213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temin HM, Rubin H (1958) Characteristics of an assay for Rous sarcoma virus and Rous sarcoma cells in tissue culture. Virology 6: 669–688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tooze J (1973) The molecular biology of tumour viruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyoshima K, Vogt PK (1969) Temperature-sensitive mutants of an avian sarcoma virus. Virology 39: 930–931

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unkeless J, Dane K, Kellerman GM, Reich E (1974) Fibrinolysis associated with oncogenic transformation: Partial purification and characterization of the cell factor, a plasminogen activator. J Biol Chem 249: 4295–4305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaheri A, Ruoslahti E (1975) Fibroblast surface antigen molecules and their loss from virus-transformed cells: A major alteration in cell surface. In: Reich E, Rifkin DB, Shaw E (eds) Proteases and biological control. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. pp 967–975

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigne R, Breitman ML, Moscovici C, Vogt PK (1979) Restitution of fibroblast-transforming ability in src deletion mutants of avian sarcoma virus during animal passage. Virology 93: 413–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt PK (1971) Spontaneous segregation of nontransforming viruses from cloned sarcoma viruses. Virology 46: 939–946

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt PK (1977) Genetics of RNA tumor viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Com-prehensive virology, vol 9. Plenum, New York, pp 341–455

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang E, Goldberg AR (1979) Effects of the src gene product on microfilament and microtubule organization in avian and mammalian cells infected with the same temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. Virology 92: 201–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L-H, Duesberg P, Beemon K, Vogt PK (1975) Mapping RNase Ti-resistant oligonucleotides of avian tumor virus RNAs: Sarcoma-specific oligonucleotides are near the poly (A) end and oligonucleotides common to sarcoma and transformation-defective viruses are at the poly(A) end. J Virol 16: 1051–1070

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L-H, Halpern CC, Nadel M, Hanafusa H (1978) Recombination between viral and cellular sequences generates transforming sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 5812–5816

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SY, Hayward WS, Hanafusa H (1977) Genetic variation in the RNA transcripts of endogenous virus genes in uninfected chicken cells. J Virol 24: 64–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss SR, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1977) The size and genetic composition of virus-specific RNAs in the cytoplasm of cells producing avian sarcoma-leukosis viruses. Cell 12: 983–992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willingham MC, Jay G, Pastan I (1979) Localization of the ASV src gene product to the plasma membrane of transformed cells by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Cell 18: 125–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witte ON, Dasgupta A, Baltimore D (1980) The Abelson murine leukemia virus protein is phosphorylated in vitro to form phosphotyrosine. Nature 283: 826–831

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf BA, Goldberg AR (1976) Rous-sarcoma-virus-transformed fibroblasts having low levels of plasminogen activator. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 3613–3617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Colorado, 80262, USA

    R. L. Erikson

Authors
  1. R. L. Erikson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Philadelphia, USA

    W. Henle  & H. Koprowski  & 

  2. Martinsried, Germany

    P. H. Hofschneider

  3. Düsseldorf, Germany

    P. Koldovský

  4. Copenhagen, Denmark

    O. Maaløe

  5. Basle, Switzerland

    F. Melchers

  6. Gießen, Germany

    R. Rott

  7. Ladenburg/Heidelberg, Germany

    H. G. Schweiger

  8. Prague, Czech Republic

    L. Syruček

  9. Los Angeles, USA

    P. K. Vogt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Erikson, R.L. (1981). The Transforming Protein of Avian Sarcoma Viruses and Its Homologue in Normal Cells. In: Henle, W., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 91. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68058-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68058-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68060-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68058-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation