Abstract
There is currently general agreement about the structures of Si(100) and annealed Si(111) (7×7) surfaces, but the situation for the cleaved Si(111) (2×1) surface is less satisfactory [1]. A Si crystal in the (111) orientation can be viewed as a series of tetrahedra with one bond vertical and the other three forming the base, resulting in a structure that consists of double layers of closely spaced atomic planes (d = 0.78 Å) separated from each other by the Si interatomic distance d = 2.35 Å. All of the existing models use as their basis the assumption that in cleavage, the one bond that is oriented normal to the (111) surface breaks, so that the termination is the closely-spaced-layer pair that then reconstructs to form the (2×1) surface.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
For a recent review of Si surfaces, see D. Haneman, Repts. Prog. Phys. 50, 1045 (1987).
K. C. Pandey, Phys. Rev. Letters 47, 1913 (1981).
J. A. Stroscio, R. M. Feenstra, and A. P. Fein, J. Vac. Sci. Techno!. A5, 838 (1987).
J. E. Northrup and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Letters 49, 1349 (1982).
I. L. F. Ray and D. J. H. Cockayne, Philos. Mag. 22, 853 (1970); D. J. H. Cockayne and A. Hons, J. Physique, Coll. CiTü, H (1979) and references therein.
P. B. Hirsch, J. Physique, Coll. C6, 40, 27 (1979); A. Ourmadz, G. R. Anstis, and P. B. Hirsch, Philos. Mag. A48, 139 (1983).
P. B. Hirsch, J. Electr. Micros. 118, 3 (1980).
H. Alexander, J. C. H. Spence, D. Shindo, H. Gottschalk, and N. Long, Philos. Mag. A53, 627 (1986).
J. Hornstra, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 5, 129 (1958);
J. P. Hirth and J. Lothe, Theory of Dislocations, (McGraw-Hill, New York 1968).
There are a number of measurements and calculations. For a first- principles calculation and listing of earlier work, see M. Y. Chou, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. B32 7979 (1985).
D. J. H. Cockayne, private communication; D. J. H. Cockayne, A. Hons, and J. C. H. Spence, Micron 11, Suppl. 1, 32 (1980).
P. N. Keating, Phys. Rev US, 145 637 (1966).
J. A. Appelbaum and D. R. Hamann, Surface Sci. 74, 21 (1978).
E. O. Kane, Phys. Rev. jm, B31 7865 (1985).
For a review, see S. S. Brenner, In: Fiber Composite Materials, ASM, Metals Park (1985).
D. M. Marsh, In: Fracture of Solids, ed. by D. C. Drucker and J. J. Gilman, (Interscience, New York 1963). See also R. L. Mehan and J. A. Herzog, In: Whisker Technology, ed. by A. P. Levitt, (Wiley- Interscience, New York 1970).
This structure is similar to that obtained by arbitrarily adding adatom chains onto the ideal (111) surface, as suggested by R. Sciwatz, Surface Sci. 2, 473 (1964). To create adatoms requires thermal treatment sufficient to give atomic transport at the surface, and thus a structure involving adatoms is not directly applicable to a cleaved surface. In the present model for the cleavage process, the chains are an integral part of the structure, being the normal outermost layer.
J. J. Gilman, J. Appl. Phys. 31, 2208 (1968).
L. Smit, R. M. Tromp, and J. F. van der Veen, Surface Sci. 163 315 (1985).
A more extensive exposition of these concepts will be presented elsewhere. D. Haneman and M. G. Lagally, J. Vac. Sci. Techno!. A6_ (1988) (submitted).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Haneman, D., Lagally, M.G. (1988). A New Model for the Cleaved Si (111)-(2x1) Surface. In: de Wette, F.W. (eds) Solvay Conference on Surface Science. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74218-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74218-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74220-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74218-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive