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Biogenic Constituents, Cement Types, and Sedimentary Fabrics

Their Interrelations in Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian to Hauterivian) Peritidal Carbonate Sediments (Trnovo, NW Slovenia)

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Sediments and Environmental Geochemistry

Abstract

Valanginian to Lower Hauterivian carbonates from the Dinaric carbonate platform are analyzed in regard to the interrelation of biogenic constituents, cement types and sedimentary fabrics. Biogenics are predominantly benthic foraminifera, green algae (Bankia striata, Cayeuxia sp.), ostracods, gastropods, and stromatolitic algal-laminations. Cements observed in the limestones are calcitic throughout. Nevertheless, from the relic textures observed, their primary mineralogy can be deduced. Evidence is given that they originally consisted of either aragonite, Mg-calcite or calcite. Cements are marine phreatic and vadose and meteoric vadose cements (isopachous rims with bladed and needle relict textures and isopachous radiaxial fibrous rims; gravitational cements with bladed, needle and algal relict textures and gravitational radiaxial fibrous cements; granular gravitational cements). Fine- to coarse-granular and poikilotopic cements occur commonly but cannot be used for this analysis. Sedimentary fabrics are birds-eyes, solution molds, algal laminations, geopetal micrite and vadose crystal silt.

Sediments formed in the subtidal marine phreatic environment show both high faunal diversity and numbers. Ostracods do not occur. Isopachous rims are the most common cements. Birds-eyes and vadose silts are missing.

Sediments from the intertidal, predominantly marine vadose environment, show small bentic foraminifera with thin walls and ostracods. Isopachous rims reveal neomorphic overprinting by meteoric waters. Marine vadose gravitational cements are common. Locally, birds-eyes and stromatolitic fabrics occur.

In the meteoric vadose zone, sediments are present without any fauna. Only stromatolitic layers are found. Granular gravitational cements and birds-eyes are common.

These interrelating features can be traced in the Lower Cretaceous over the Dinaric carbonate platform, due to a homogeneous facies development with very low relief on the platform. After the tectonic and facial differentiation of the platform in the Middle Cretaceous, only local emergence, for example, can be demonstrated due to high facial diversity and morphology (reefs and grabens) present on the platform.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Paläontologie, Loewenichstr. 28, 8520, Erlangen, Germany

    R. Koch

  2. Geoloski Zavod Ljubljana, Dimičera 14, 61000, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

    B. Ogorelec

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  1. R. Koch
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Sedimentforschung, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, D-6900, Heidelberg, Germany

    Dietrich Heling

  2. Lehrstuhl für Geologie, Universität Mannheim, Postfach 10 34 62, D-6800, Mannheim 1, Germany

    Peter Rothe

  3. Arbeitsbereich Umweltschutztechnik, TU Hamburg-Harburg, Eißendorfer Str. 40, D-2100, Hamburg 90, Germany

    Ulrich Förstner

  4. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Kiel, Ludwig-Meyn-Str. 10, D-2300, Kiel 1, Germany

    Peter Stoffers

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Koch, R., Ogorelec, B. (1990). Biogenic Constituents, Cement Types, and Sedimentary Fabrics. In: Heling, D., Rothe, P., Förstner, U., Stoffers, P. (eds) Sediments and Environmental Geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75097-7_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75097-7_6

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