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Traffic of Hematogenous Cells Through the Central Nervous System

  • Chapter
HIV and Dementia

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 202))

Abstract

As the interest in immunological events occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) has grown in the past quarter century, many investigators have repeatedly confirmed the relative absence of cellular elements of the immune system in the CNS of healthy mammals. This encompasses the lack of a significant number of T and B lymphocytes and low to nonexistent constitutive MHC class I and II antigen expression (Wekerle et al. 1986). Nevertheless, in numerous pathological conditions these cells are readily able to enter the CNS and contribute to salutary or destructive immunological processes. Scientific questions regarding the role and mechanisms of cellular entry are becoming clearer. These questions focus on the following concepts: What is the normal number of immunologically related cells types in the CNS? How do these cells gain access to the CNS under normal and pathological conditions? What important molecular signals and adhesion molecules do they require and how are these “signals” modulated in CNS pathology? In what processes do these hematogenous cells participate? And, how do their arrivals and departures vary in pathological conditions? From a variety of in vivo model systems and in vitro studies, the answers to these and related questions are now beginning to appear.

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  1. Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA

    K. C. Williams & W. F. Hickey

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  1. K. C. Williams
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  2. W. F. Hickey
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  1. Department of Neuropharmacology, Division of Virology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone

  2. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Research Branch, Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rm 11C-06, 20857, Rockville, MD, USA

    Ljubiša Vitković (Chief, Neuroimmunology/Neurovirology Program) (Chief, Neuroimmunology/Neurovirology Program)

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Williams, K.C., Hickey, W.F. (1995). Traffic of Hematogenous Cells Through the Central Nervous System. In: Oldstone, M.B.A., Vitković, L. (eds) HIV and Dementia. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 202. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79657-9_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79657-9_15

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