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The Role of the La Autoantigen in Internal Initiation

  • Chapter
Cap-Independent Translation

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 203))

Abstract

The picornavirus family is widespread in nature and these viruses replicate in a wide variety of hosts and tissues (reviewed by Rueckert 1990). There are five genera of picornaviruses, these are: Rhinovirus, Enterovirus (includes poliovirus), Cardiovirus (includes encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), Aphthovirus (foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and Hepatovirus. In each case the viral genomes consist of a single-stranded, positive sense, RNA molecule of between 7.4 and kb. The genome is linked to a viral encoded peptide, VPg, at its 5’terminal but most of the RNA within an infected cell lacks this feature and simply has a terminal phosphate group. The RNA acts as a mRNA but also has to act as the template for negative strand RNA synthesis to allow RNA replication and the production of positive sense RNA. Many of the picornaviruses cause a dramatic alteration in the protein synthetic profile of infected cells. This is a result of new synthesis of viral proteins and also the inhibition of host protein synthesis. The enteroviruses, rhinoviruses and aphthoviruses inhibit host cell protein synthesis as a result of the cleavage of the p220 component of the cap-binding complex (el F-4F) (Etchison et al. 1982; Devaney et al. 1988) and possibly by other uncharacterized mechanisms. The cardioviruses also inhibit host protein synthesis but do not induce p220 cleavage (Mosenkis etal. 1985). The viral protein synthesis is cap-independent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G IY6, Canada

    G. J. Belsham, N. Sonenberg & Y. V. Svitkin

  2. McGill Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G IY6, Canada

    N. Sonenberg

  3. AFRC Institute for Animal Health, Purbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 ONF, UK

    G. J. Belsham

  4. Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow Region, 142782, Russia

    Y. V. Svitkin

Authors
  1. G. J. Belsham
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  2. N. Sonenberg
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  3. Y. V. Svitkin
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Box 172, Denver, CO, 80262, USA

    Peter Sarnow

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© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Belsham, G.J., Sonenberg, N., Svitkin, Y.V. (1995). The Role of the La Autoantigen in Internal Initiation. In: Sarnow, P. (eds) Cap-Independent Translation. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 203. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79663-0_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79663-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79663-0

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