Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pharmacology of Drugs in CPR

  • Chapter
Update 1988

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 5))

  • 178 Accesses

Abstract

Cardiac arrest results in cessation of organ perfusion. Circulatory standstill leads to immediate cellular ischemia, anoxia and finally death. The brain is the most rapidly damaged organ, already after 4 to 6 minutes of cardiac arrest in human beings [1], maybe longer in very special circumstances such as in the child, or after drowning in iced water [2]. The myocardium is the second most vulnerable organ, which may tolerate 15 minute anoxia and recover. However, at least in children, the longer the cardiac arrest the less the chances to recover a spontaneously beating heart [3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Cole SL, Corday E (1956), Four-minute limit for cardiac resuscitation. JAMA 161:1454–1458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Southwick FS, Dalglish PH (1980) Recovery after prolonged asystolic cardiac arrest in profound hypothermia. A case report and literature review. JAMA 243:1250–1253.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ludwig S, Kettrick RG, Parker M (1984) Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Clin Pediatr 23:71–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Safar P, Scarraga LA, Elam JO (1958) A comparison of the mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-airway methods of artificial respiration with the chest-pressure arm-lift methods. N Engl J Med 258:671–677.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kouwenhouven WB, Jude JR, Knickerbocker GG (1960) Closed-chest cardiac massage. JAMA 173:1064–1067.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Voorhes WD, Babbs CF, Tacker WA (1980) Regional blood flow during cardiopulmonary circulation in dogs. Crit Care Med 8:134–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Luce JM, Ross BK, O’Quin RJ, et al (1983) Regional blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs using simultaneous and nonsimultaneous compression and ventilation. Circulation 67:258–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rodgers MC (1988) The physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intensive Care Med (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Criley JM, Blaufuss AH, Kissel GL (1976) Cough-induced cardiac compression. Self-administered. form of cardiopulmonary circulation. JAMA 236:1246–1250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rudikoff MT, Maughan WL, Effron M, et al (1980) Mechanisms of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 61:345–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Maier GW, Tyson GS, Olsen CO, et al (1984) The physiology of external cardiac massage: High-impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 70:86–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Michel JR, Guerci AD, Koehler RC, et al (1984) Mechanisms by which epinephrine augments cerebral and myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Circulation 69:822–835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Luce JM, Rizk NA, Niskanen RA (1984) Regional blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 12:874–878.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Redding JS, Asuncion JS, Pearson JW (1967) Effective routes of drug administration during cardiac arrest. Anaesth Analg 46:253–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Redding JS, Pearson JW (1962) Resuscitation from asphyxia. JAMA 182:283–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. American Heart Association (1986) Standards and guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). JAMA 255:2905–2992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rossetti V, Thompson BM, Aprahamian C, et al (1984) Difficulty and delay in intravascular access in pediatric arrest. Ann Emerg Med 13:406 (abstract).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kuhn GJ, White BC, Swetnam RE, et al (1981) Peripheral vs central circulation times during CPR: A pilot study. Ann Emerg Med 10:417–419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hedges JR, Barsan WB, Doan LA, et al (1984) Central versus peripheral intravenous routes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med 2:385–390.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Keats S, Jackson RE, Kosnik JW, et al (1985) Effect of peripheral versus central injection of epinephrine on changes in aortic diastolic pressure during closed-chest massage in dogs. Ann Emerg Med 14:495 (abstract).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Criley JM, Niemann JT, Rosborough JP, et al (1981) The heart is a conduit in CPR. Crit Care Med 9:373–374.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dalsey WC, Barsan WG, Joyce SM, et al (1984) Comparison of superior vena caval and inferior vena cava access using a radioisotope technique during normal perfusion and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med 13:881–884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nieman JT, Rosborough JP, Hausknecht M, et al (1981) Pressure-synchronized cineangiography during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 64:985–991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Nieman JT, Rosborough JP, Ung S, et al (1984) Hemodynamic effects of abdominal binding during cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Am J Cardiol 53:269–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mercier JC, Gaudelus J (1985) Voies d’abord vasculaires chez le nouveau-né et l’enfant. In: Perelman R, Pédiatrie pratique: Périnatologie. Maloine Paris, pp 1876-1897.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tocantins LM (1940) Rapid absorption of substances injected into the bone marrow. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 45:292–296.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tocantins LM, O’Neill JF, Jones HW (1941) Infusions of blood and other fluids via the bone marrow: Applications in pediatrics. JAMA 117:1229–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ber RA (1984) Emergency infusion of catecholamines into bone marrow. Am J Dis Child 138:810–811.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Heinild S, Sondergaard T, Tudvad F (1947) Bone marrow infusions in childhood. Experiences from a thousand of infusions. J Pediatr 30:400–401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Spivey WH, Lathers CM, Malone DR, et al (1985) Comparison of intraosseous, central, and peripheral routes of sodium bicarbonate during CPR in pigs. Ann Emerg Med 14:1135–1140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Spivey WH, Unger HD, McNamara RM, et al (1987) The effect of intraosseous sodium bicarbonate on bone in swine. Ann Emerg Med 16:773–776.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Otto CW, Yakaitis RW, Blitt CD (1981) Mechanisms of action of epinephrine in resuscitation from asphyxiai arrest. Crit Care Med 9:321–324, 364-365.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Greenblatt DJ, Koch-Weser J (1975) Clinical pharamcokinetics. N Engl J Med 293:702–705, 964-970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Dal Santo G (1977) Non-respiratory functions of the lungs and anesthesia. Little Brown Co Boston pp 61-90.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Greenberg MI, Baskin SI, Kaplan AM, et al (1982) Effects of endotracheally administered distilled water and normal saline on the arterial blood gases of dogs. Ann Emerg Med 11:600–604.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Greenberg MI, Roberts JR, Krusz JC, et al (1979) Endotracheal epinephrine in a canine anaphylactic shock model. JACEP 500-503.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Roberts JR, Greenberg MI, Knaub M, et al (1978) Comparison of the pharmalogical effects of epinephrine administered by the intravenous and endotracheal routes. JACEP 7:260–264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Roberts JR, Greenberg MI, Knaub MA, et al (1979) Blood levels following intravenous and endotracheal epinephrine administration. JACEP 8:53–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Chernow B, Holbrook P, D’Angona DS, et al (1984) Epinephrine absorption after intratracheal administration. Anesth Analg 63:829–832.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ralston SH, Voorhes WB, Babbs CF (1984) Intrapulmonary epinephrine during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation: improved regional blood flow and resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med 13:79–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Roberts JR, Greenberg MI, Baskin SI (1979) Endotracheal epinephrine in cardiopulmonary collapse. JACEP 8:515–519.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Greenberg MI, Roberts JR, Baskin SI (1981) Use of endotracheally administered epinephrine in a pediatric patient. Am J Dis Child 135:767–768.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Lindemann R (1982) Endotracheal administration of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Dis Child 136:753–754.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Lindemann R (1984) Resuscitation of the newborn: Endotracheal administration of epinephrine. Acta Paediatr Scand 73:210–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Elam J (1977) The intrapulmonary route for CPR drugs. In: Safar P (Ed) Advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 132–140.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Ward JT Jr (1983) Endotracheal drug therapy. Am J Emergy Med 1:71–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Greenberg MI, Mayeda DV, Chrzanowski R, et al (1982) Endotracheal administration of atropine sulfate. Ann Emerg Med 11:546–548.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Quinton DN, O’Byrne G, Aitkenhead AR (1985) Comparison of endotracheal and peripheral intravenous adrenaline in cardiac arrest: Is the endotracheal route reliable? Lancet 1:828–829.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Marchant B (1987) Endotracheal adrenaline in cardiac arrest. Lancet 1:1098.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. C. Mercier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. F. Hartmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Beaufils
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean Louis Vincent (Assistant-Director) (Assistant-Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mercier, J.C., Hartmann, J.F., Beaufils, F. (1988). Pharmacology of Drugs in CPR. In: Vincent, J.L. (eds) Update 1988. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83392-2_58

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83392-2_58

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18981-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83392-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation