Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Insect Influences on the Forest Canopy

  • Chapter
Analysis of Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 1))

Abstract

The forest environment, its species diversity and structural complexity, provides many niches for exploitation by numerous undisturbed populations of insects. The ecological interactions which are involved may include only those between insect and tree; usually, however, they include a complex series of reactions between many kinds of organisms and physical factors in the environment. Any syntheses of this subject area draw heavily upon the field of forest entomology. The ultimate objective of forest entomology is to discover how to prevent insects from causing economic damage to forests. The literature, therefore, emphasizes pest species. Quantitative data may be available for the pest species, noneconomic species receive considerably less attention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, R. F.: Forest and shade tree entomology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, C. C., and D. M. Benjamin: The biology of Neodiprion nigroscutum (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in Wisconsin. Can. Entomol. 99, 146–159 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blais, J. R.: Spruce budworm outbreaks in the past three centuries in the Laurentide Park, Quebec. Forest Sci. 11, 130–138 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann, F. H., G. E. Likens, D. W. Fisher, and R. S. Pierce: Nutrient loss accelerated by clear-cutting of a forest ecosystem. Science 159, 882–884 (1968).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bray, J. R.: Primary consumption in three forest canopies. Ecology 45, 165–167 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C. E.: Mass transport of forest tent caterpillar moths, Malacosma disstria Hubner, by a cold front. Can. Entomol. 97, 1073–1075 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colwell, R. N.: Aerial photography — a valuable sensor for the scientist. Amer. Sci. 52, 17–49 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Connola, D. P., W. E. Waters, and E. R. Nason: A sequential sampling plan for red-pin sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus Schell. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 600–602 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coulson, R. N., and R. T. Franklin: Frequence of occurrence of cone and seed insects on shortleaf pine in the Georgia Piedmont. J. Econ. Entomol. 61, 1026–1027 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crossley, D. A.: Radioisotope measurement of food consumption by a leaf beetle species, Chrysomela knabi Brown. Ecology 47, 1–8 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drooz, A. T.: Some relationships between host, egg potential, and pupal weight of the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58, 243–245 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, D. P., and A. C. Hodson: Influence of the forest tent caterpillar upon the aspen forests of Minnesota. Forest Sci. 4, 71–93 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Embree, D. G.: Effects of the winter moth on growth and mortality of red oak in Nova Scotia. Forest Sci. 13, 295–299 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Finnegan, R. J.: The pine needle miner, Exotekia pinifoliella (Chamb.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in Quebec. Can. Entomol. 97, 744–750 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Giese, R. L., and D. M. Benjamin: The insect complex associated with maple blight. Part II. Studies of maple blight. Univ. Wisconsin Res. Bull. 250. June, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S. A., and F. B. Knight: Principles of forest entomology, 4th Ed. London-New York: McGraw-Hill Book Comp. 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedlin, A. F.: Cone insects of grand fir, Abies grandis (Douglas) Lindley, in British Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 64, 40–44 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, R. C., J. F. Coyne, and J. L. Bean: Airplanes increase the effectiveness of southern pine beetle surveys. J. Forestry 53, 483–487 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, R. C., J. F. Coyne, and D. C. Schmiege: Aerial survey techniques for the spruce budworm in the Lake States. J. Forestry 60, 525–532(1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Himel, C. M., and A. D. Moore: Spruce budworm mortality as a function of aerial spray droplet size. Science 156, 1250–1251 (1967).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ives, W. G. H., and L. D. Nairn: Effects of defoliation on young upland tamarack in Mani toba. Forest. Chron. 42, 137–142 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ives, W. G. H., and R. M. A. Prentice: Sequential sampling techniques for surveys of the larch sawfly. Can. Entomol. 90, 331–338 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ives, W. G. H., and G. L. Warren: Sequential sampling for white grubs. Can. Entomol. 97, 596–604 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, F. B.: Evaluation of forest insect infestations. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 12, 207–228 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulman, H. M.: Effects of artificial defoliation of pine on subsequent shoot and needle growth. Forest Sci. 11, 90–98 (1965a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulman, H. M.: Effects of disbudding on the shoot mortality, growth, and bud production in red and sugar maples. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 23–26 (1965b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, H. L., and R. T. Franklin: Tanglefoot traps for detection of the balsam woolly aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 60, 1525–1529 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linzon, S. N.: The effect of artificial defoliation on various ages of leaves upon white pine growth. Forest. Chron. 34, 51–56 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, L. A.: The spatial distribution of two pine sawflies and methods of sampling for the study of population dynamics. Can. Entomol. 96, 1373–1407 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCambridge, W. F.: Nature of induced attacks by the black hills beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60, 920–928 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. Lynton: The insect ecology of red pine plantations in central Ontario IV. The crown fauna. Can. Entomol. 98, 10–27 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. A.: The black-headed budworm in Eastern Canada. Can. Entomol. 98, 592–613 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R. F.: Influence of parental food quality on the survical of Hyphantria cunea. Can. Entomol. 99, 24–33 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R. F.: The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. No. 31. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R. F.: The development of sampling techniques for forest insect defoliators, with particular reference to the spruce budworm. Can. J. Zool. 33, 225–294 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R. F., and C. W. Bennett: Seasonal population trends and extensive census methods for Hyphantria cunea. Can. Entomol. 99, 9–17 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neil, L. C.: Some effects of artificial defoliation on the growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Can. J. Bot. 40, 273–280 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeks, W. A.: Sequential sampling for larvae of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.). Can. Entomol. 88, 241–246 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichle, D. E., and D. A. Crossley: Investigation on heterotrophic productivity in forest insect communities, pp. 563–587. In: Secondary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, (K. Petrusewicz, Ed.), Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warsaw-Krakow 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, D. A.: Bionomics of the maple leaf cutter, Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch), (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae). Can. Entomol. 94, 1053–1063 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smereka, E. P.: The life history and habits of Chrysomela crotchi Brown (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Northwestern Ontario. Can. Entomol. 97, 541–549 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R. W.: Sequential sampling of the lodgepole needle miner. Forest. Chron. 28, 57–60 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, R. E., and R. W. Stark: Sequential sampling for the lodgepole needle miner, Evagora milleri. J. Econ. Entomol. 55, 491–494 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber, M. J., and C. A. Tauber: Biology and leaf-mining behaviour of Phytomyza lanati (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Can. Entomol. 100, 341–349 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, W. E.: The ecological significance of aggregation in forest insects. Proc. 11th Intern. Congr. Entomol. 2, 205–210 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wear, J. F., R. B. Pope, and P. G. Lauterbach: Estimating beetle-killed Douglas-fir by aerial photo and field plots. J. Forestry 62, 309–315 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellington, W. G.: Some maternal influences on progeny quality in the western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar). Can. Entomol. 97, 1–14 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wickman, Boyd E.: Mortality and growth reduction of white fir following defoliation by the Douglas-fir tussock moth. Pacific SW. Forest & Range Expt. Sta. 1963, PSW-7, 15 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R. C., G. C. Becker, and D. M. Benjamin: The biology of Neodiprion rugifrons (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) a sawfly infesting jack pine in Wisconsin. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59, 786–792 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, L. F.: Effects of different population levels of the European pine sawfly on young Scotch pine trees. J. Econ. Entomol. 59, 1043–1049 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D. L., and J. P. Vité: Studies on the host selection behavior of Ips confusus (Le Conte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attacking Pinus ponderosa. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. 21, 79–96 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Rudolph T. Franklin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

David E. Reichle

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Franklin, R.T. (1973). Insect Influences on the Forest Canopy. In: Reichle, D.E. (eds) Analysis of Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Ecological Studies, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85587-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85587-0_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-85589-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85587-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation