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Metazoen als Krankheitserreger

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Belebte Umweltfaktoren

Part of the book series: Handbuch der Allgemeinen Pathologie ((1716,volume 11 / 2))

Zusammenfassung

Gesundheitsschädliche Metazoen treten in mehrfacher Weise zum Menschen in Beziehung. Selbst von nichtparasitischen Arten, die unsere Umwelt bevölkern, können Schadwirkungen ausgehen. Fliegen verschleppen Bakterien von Kranken auf Gesunde, freilebende Milben und Körpersubstanzen größerer Tiere können auf Allergie beruhende Krankheitszustände verursachen, wenn sie inhaliert oder verzehrt werden. Gifttiere, Bienen, Wespen, Skorpione, Spinnen und Schlangen gefährden in einzelnen Fällen durch Stich oder Biß Gesundheit oder Leben des Menschen Enger und konstanter sind die Beziehungen des Menschen zu seinen Ektoparasiten, die teils die Körperoberfläche nur flüchtig zu einem Blutmahl aufsuchen wie Stechmücken, Glossinen, Flöhe, Wanzen und Blutegel, oder längere Zeit bewohnen wie Läuse, Schildzecken, Herbstmilben und Sandflöhe. Die Folgen der Saugtätigkeit dieser Ektoparasiten, Blutentzug und Reaktionen auf Speichelsekrete, sind meistens örtlich begrenzt und harmloser Art, nur ausnahmsweise generalisiert und lebensbedrohend wie im Falle der Zeckenparalyse. Groß ist jedoch die Bedeutung der ektoparasitischen Gliederfüßler als obligatorische Wirte und Überträger von Krankheitserregern aus den Gruppen der Protozoen, Spirochäten, Rickettsien, Viren und Filarien. Am innigsten sind die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen dem menschlichen Organismus und Metazoen, die als Entoparasiten im Verdauungskanal, im Zirkulationssystem oder in den Geweben leben wie die Helminthen und einige Gliederfüßler.

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R.-E. Bader O. Klamerth E. G. Nauck G. Piekarski G. Poetschke S. Scheidegger H. Vogel F. Roulet

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Vogel, H. (1965). Metazoen als Krankheitserreger. In: Bader, RE., et al. Belebte Umweltfaktoren. Handbuch der Allgemeinen Pathologie, vol 11 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85739-3_7

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