Abstract
Processes based on the properties of ions, encountered in brackish and seawater, are described and discussed in this chapter. Whereas in distillation the amount and kind of salts contained in the raw feed water are of no importance to the process and do not affect the economics, in all ionic processes the amount of dissolved salts is of primary importance. This is true independently if salts have to be removed from the solution or if a dilute solution is to be separated from the feed, leaving as waste a more concentrated solution. The amount of salts to be removed affects in ion exchange the amount and cost of regenerant, in electrodialysis the consumption of electrical energy and in reverse osmosis the required pressure. Increased pressure affects membrane life and energy requirements. Thus, ionic processes are in first instance indicated for brackish waters with more or less reduced salinity.
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Literature
Literature to 3.1
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Literature to 3.5
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Literature to 3.5.1 to 3.5.8
Bureau of Reclamation (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 77 [1964]).
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N. Takemoto, K. Mashiko, M. Setoguchi (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 23 [1970] 271/5; C.A. 73 [ 1970 ] No. 101 879 ).
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D. Kertesz, F. de Körösy, E. Zeigerson (Desalination 2 [1967] 161/9).
J. H. B. George (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 159 [1965]).
J. H. B. George, C. R. Schlaikjer (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 203 [1966]).
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N. Lakshminarayanaiah (Desalination 3 [1967] 97/105).
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N. Lakshminarayanaiah, F. A. Siddiqi (Z. Physik Chem. [Frankfurt] 78 [1972] 150/64).
T. Foley, P. Meares (Experientia Suppl. No. 18 [1971] 313/9).
R. A. Wallace, J. P. Ampaya (Desalination 14 [1974] 121/34).
J. E. Bailey, D. Luss (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 69 [1972] 1460/3).
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A. S. Tombalakian (Can. J. Chem. Eng. 50 [1972] 203/6).
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C. E. Rogers, S. Sternberg (J. Macromol. Sci. 5 [1971] 189/206).
N. Kamo, Y. Toyoshima, H. Nozaki, Y. Kobatake (Kolloid- Z. Z. Polymere 248 [1971] 914/21).
N. Kamo, Y. Toyoshima, Y. Kobatake (Kolloid-Z. Z. Polymere 249 [1971] 1061/8).
N. Kamo, Y. Kobatake (Kolloid-Z. Z. Polymere 249 [1971] 1069/76).
T. Ueda, N. Kamo, N. Ishida, Y. Kobatake (J. Phys. Chem. 76 [1972] 2447/52).
J. N. Weinstein, B. J. Bunow, S. R. Caplan (Desalination 11 [1972] 341/77).
J. N. Weinstein, B. M. Misra, D. Kalif, S. R. Caplan (Desalination 12 [1973] 1/17).
A. A. Sonin, G. Grossman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 814 [1972]).
R. Arnold (J. Phys. Chem. 73 [1969] 1414/20).
N. Lakshminarayanaiah (J. Electrochem. Soc. 116 [1969] 338/43).
W. J. McHardy, P. Meares, A. H. Sutton, J. F. Thain (J. Colloid Interfance Sci. 29 [1969] 116/28).
B. R. Breslau, I. F. Miller (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 10 [1971] 554/65).
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H. P. Gregor (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington, D. C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 1, p. 452/72; Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 193 [1966]).
B. A. Cooke (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington, D. C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 1, p. 219/37).
G. S. Solt (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington, D. C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 1, p. 13/23).
W. Kooistra (Desalination 2 [1967] 139/47).
R. Yamane, T. Sata, Y. Mizutani, Y. Onoue (Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 42 [1969] 2741/8).
T. Yamabe, M. Seno (Desalination 2 [1967] 148/53).
T. R. E. Kressman, F. L. Tye (J. Electrochem. Soc. 116 [ 1969 ] 25/31; Comments by A. H. Heit, R. Prober and reply ibid. p. 1714 ).
Yu. A. Kononov, B. M. Vrevskii (Zh. Prikl. Khim. 44 [1971] 927/9, 929/32; C.A. 75 [1971] No. 10684, No. 40187).
A. Kitamoto, Y. Takashima (J. Chem. Eng. Japan 3 [1970] 182/91; Comments by A. A. Sonin, R. F. Probstein and reply ibid. 4 [1971] 283/5).
C. Forgacs (Desalination 7 [1969] 111/21).
K. S. Spiegler (Desalination 9 [1971] 367/85).
C. Forgacs, N. Ishibashi, J. Leibovitz, J. Sinkovic, K. S. Spiegler (Desalination 10 [1972] 181/214).
G. Khedr, R. Varoqui (Compt. Rend. C 275 [1972] 1185/8).
M. V. Pevnitskaya, V. K. Varentsov (lzv. Sibirsk. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim. Nauk 1970, No. 6 p. 8/13, 13/8; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 130787, No. 9 1602 ).
C. Linder, I. F. Miller (J. Phys. Chem. 76 [1972] 3434/45; J. Electrochem. Soc. 120 [1973] 498/502).
D. Barba, R. Cigna, S. Di Cave (Quad. Ing. Chim. Ital. 7 [1971] 156/9).
A. A. Sonin, G. Grossman (J. Phys. Chem. 76 [1972] 3996/4006).
G. Boari, G. Lacava, C. Merli, R. Passino, G. Tiravanti (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 169/80).
Y. Kobatake, N. Kamo (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 91/8).
R. A. Wallace (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 407 [1969]).
R. A. Wallace, B. K. Jindal (J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 [1971] 707/9).
F. de Körösy, M. F. Zevulun (Israel J. Chem. 7 [1969] 117/26).
A. M. Filimonova, N. N. Rodin, N. I. Nikolaeva (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 43 [1969] 1292/4; C.A. 71 [1969] No. 105656).
C. Steymans (Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 74 [1970] 46/53).
V. P. Greben, P. E. Tulupov, A. I. Kasperovich, V. N. Zaitsev (Elektrokhimiya 7 [1971] 939/44; C.A. 75 [ 1971 ] No. 101 613 ).
P. Groll, F. Grass (Electrochim. Acta 16 [1971] 31/40).
V. V. Kryuchenkov, L. A. Gubareva, V. S. Musinova (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 46 [1972] 936/40; Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 46 [1972] 540/2).
V. D. Grebenyuk, N. P. Gnusin, V. D. Bolotova (Vodopodgotovka Ochistka Prom. Stokov 1972 No. 9, p. 174/82; C.A. 78 [1973] No. 88449).
A. T. Davydov, I. I. Ignatov, Yu. I. Ignatov (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 47 [1973] 426/7; Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 47 [1973] 238/9).
S. D’Alessandro, A. Tantillo (Desalination 9 [1971] 225/34).
V. I. Frolov, B. V. Moskvichev, G. V. Samsonov (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 46 [1972] 1180/5; Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 46 [1972] 680/2).
N. Lakshminarayanaiah, F. A. Siddiqi (J. Polymer Sci. A 18 [1970] 2949/55).
D. G. Dawson, P. Meares (J. Colloid Interfance Sci. 33 [1970] 117/23).
R. Jerome (Ind. Chim. Belge 36 [1971] 578/88).
S. Ohki (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 37 [1971] 318/24).
Y. Toyoshima, H. Nosaki (J. Phys. Chem. 74 [1970] 2704/10).
A. S. Tombalakian, G. K. Markarian (Can. J. Chem. Eng. 51 [1973] 124/7).
R. M. Lurie, M. E. Berg, A. Giuffrida (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 48 [1961]).
D. H. Furukawa (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 285 [1968]).
G. A. Lebediskaya, N. I. Isaev, N. N. Zubets (Tr. Voronezh. Univ. 1971 No. 82, p. 145/8; C.A. 76 [1972] No. 158156).
T. Asawa, I. Nakamura, T. Kawahara, H. Hani (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 143/50).
E. I. Ivakina (Tr. Voronezh. Univ. 1971 No. 94, p. 65/70).
F. de Körösy, A. Süszer, E. Korngold, M. F. Taboch, M. Flitman, E. Bandel, R. Rahav (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 605 [1970]), E. Korngold, F. de Körösy, R. Rahav, M. F. Taboch (Desalination 8 [1970] 195/220).
E. Korngold (Desalination 9 [1971] 213/6).
V. A. Kirdun (Tr. Vses. Nauchn. Issled. Inst. Vodosnabzh. Kanaliz. Gidrotekhn. Sooruzh. Inzh. Gidrogeol. 1970 No. 25, p. 31/6; C.A. 73 [1970] No. 80360).
H. Yamamoto, N. Yugi (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 26 [1972] 66/73; C.A. 78 [ 1973 ] No. 151 498 ).
T. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, M. Akiyama, N. Yugi (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 26 [1972] 83/90; C.A. 78 [1973] No. 163885).
N. Takemoto (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 23 [1969] 54/9; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 45441).
N. Takemoto (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 26 [1972] 21/6, 26/32, 32/7; C.A. 78 [1973] No. 163882, No. 163881, No. 163883).
N. Take-moto (Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1972 No. 10, p. 1832/7, No. 11, p. 2053/8; C.A. 78 [1973] No. 33736, No. 33737 ).
N. Takemoto (Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1973 No. 1, p. 44/9, No. 3, p. 482/6; C.A. 78 [1973] No. 88471, No. 151477 ).
G. Grossman, A. A. Sonin (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 742 [1971]; Desalination 10 [1972] 157/80).
G. Grossman, A. A. Sonin (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 813 [1972]; Desalination 12 [1973] 107/25).
F. de Körösy, E. Zeigerson (Desalination 5 [1968] 185/99), F. de Körösy, E. Zeigerson, M. Zevulun (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 380 [1968]).
H. Small, R. C. Gardner (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 565 [1970]).
T. Sata (Kolloid.-Z. 243 [1971] 157/9).
T. Sata, R. lzuo, Y. Mizutani, R. Yamane (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 40 [1972] 317/28).
P. J. Van Duin (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p.141 /53).
E. J. M. Kobus, P. M. Heertjes (Desalination 10 [1972] 383/401).
E. J. M. Kobus, P. M. Heertjes (Desalination 12 [1973] 333/42).
P. J. Van Duin (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 253/9).
P. Meares (Chem. Ind. [London] 1973 1103/7).
Literature to 3.6
C. Berger, R. Hubata, M. Plizga (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 138 [1965]).
G. A. Guter, H. K. Bishop (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 279 [1967]); H. K. Bishop, J. A. Bittles, G. A. Guter (Desalination 6 [1969] 369/80).
J. I. Bregman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 148 [1966]).
K. S. Rajan (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 222 [1966]), K. S. Rajan, D. B. Boies, A. J. Casolo, J. I. Bregman (Desalination 1 [1966] 231/46).
E. A. Materova, S. S. Mikhailova (Vestn. Leningrad. Univ. Fiz. Khim. 1971 No. 1, p. 46/8; C.A. 75 [1971] No. 53695).
K. S. Rajan, D. B. Bois, A. J. Casolo, J. I. Bregman (Desalination 5 [1968] 371/90).
K. S. Rajan (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 328 [1968]).
W. O. Milligan, M. Uda, M. L. Beasley, D. R. Dillin, W. E. Bailey, J. J. McCoy (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 594 [1970]).
W. O. Milligan, M. Uda, D. R. Dillin, W. E. Bailey, R. J. Williams (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 723 [1971]).
K. R. Pai, N. Krishnaswamy (Ind. J. Technol. 10 [1972] 229/32).
F. A. Siddiqi, N. Lakshminarayanaiah, S. K. Saxena (Z. Physik. Chem. [Frankfurt] 72 [1970] 298/306, 307/15).
F. A. Siddiqi, N. Lakshminarayanaiah, M. N. Beg (J. Polymer Sci. A 19 [1971] 2853/67, 2869/75).
E. Drioli, F. Alfani (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 131/9).
Literature to 3.7
P. Prausnitz, J. Reitstötter (Elektrophorese, Elektroosmose, Elektrodialyse in Flüssigkeiten, Dresden 1931 ).
E. Manegold, K. Kalauch (Kolloid-Z. 86 [1939] 93/101, 186/205, 257/73, 313/9).
K. H. Meyer, W. Strauss (Hely. Chim. Acta 23 [1940] 795/800).
M. R. J. Wyllie, H. W. Patnode (J. Phys. Chem. 54 [1950] 204/27).
W. Juda, W. A. McRae (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 [1950] 1044 ).
T. R. E. Kressman (Nature 165 [1950] 568).
N. W. Rosenberg, T. A. Kirkham, C. E. Tirrell, N. E. Saliba (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 1 [1954]).
Hittman Associates Inc. (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 610 [1970]).
R. E. Lacey, S. Loeb (Industrial Processing with Membranes, New York 1972 ).
J. Schechter, C. Forgacs (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 681 [1971]).
C. Berger, G. A. Guter, G. Belfort (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 238 [1967]), G. Belfort, G. A. Guter (Desalination 5 [1968] 267/91).
Process Research Inc. (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 325 [1968]).
V. A. Klyachko, L. D. Ushakov (Desalination 2 [1967] 279/82).
G. Belfort, G. A. Guter (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 459 [1969]; Desalination 10 [1972] 221/62).
P. H. Bradley, J. L. Greatorex, F. B. Leitz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 597 [1970]).
L. Marincic, F. B. Leitz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 793 [1972]).
S. Azechi (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 23 [1970] 276/81; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 77811).
S. Azechi, Y. Fujimoto (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 23 [1970] 134/47; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 79399).
A. A. Sonin, R. F. Probstein (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 375 [1968]; Desalination 5 [1968] 293/329).
R. F. Probstein, A. A. Sonin, E. Gur-Arie (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 771 [1972]; Desalination 11 [1972] 165/87).
A. A. Sonin, M. Isaacson (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 237/51).
D. Pnueli, D. Grossman (Desalination 6 [1969] 303/8).
D. Pnueli, D. Grossman (Desalination 7 [1970] 297/308).
D. Pnueli (Desalination 7 [1970] 309/22).
G. Belfort, J. A. Daly (Desalination 8 [1970] 153/66).
M. Avriel, N. Zelingher, J. R. Olie, A. Raz (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 181/94), M. Avriel, N. Zelingher (Desalination 10 [1972] 113/46).
A. Solan, Y. Winograd, U. Katz (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 259/66).
Y. Winograd, A. Solan, M. Toren (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 261/6).
V. N. Smagin, D. A. Yaroshevsky (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 229/35).
G. R. Olsson, A. P. Christodoulou (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 215/39), A. P. Christodoulou, G. R. Olsson, W. P. Sommers (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 240/58), A. P. Christodoulou, G. R. Olsson, H. J. Monnik (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 488 [1969]).
J. P. Dankese, T. A. Kirkham, G. Maheras, M. S. Mintz, J. H. Powell, N. W. Rosenberg (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 11 [1956]).
Mason-Rust (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 134 [1965]).
J. W. Porter, S. Cherney (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 470 [1969]).
B. W. Calvit, J. J. Sloan (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 3, p. 11/22).
Mason-Rust (Off Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 101 [1964], No. 132 [1964], No. 164 [1965], No. 241 [1967], No. 296 [1967], No. 567 [1970], No. 568 [ 1970 ], No. 692 [1971]).
G. R. Bell (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 201 [1966]).
J. S. Nordin, N. Call, R. A. Ackerman, D. R. Bogue, J. E. Gegeler (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 805 [1972]).
E. G. Kaup (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 899 [1973]).
D. H. Guild (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 777 [1971]).
V. N. Smagin, P. D. Shchekotov (Teploenergetika 20 [1973] 17/20; Therm. Eng. [USSR] 20 [1974] 22/5).
C. Forgacs (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 3, p. 155/72).
E. B. Dismukes (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 87 [1964]).
T. Bejerano, C. Forgacs, J. Rabinowitz (Desalination 3 [1967] 129/34).
C. Forgacs, L. Koslowsky, J. Rabinowitz (Desalination 5 [1968] 349/58).
W. A. McRae, W. Glass, F. B. Leitz, J. T. Clarke, S. S. Alexander (Desalination 4 [1968] 236/47).
Mason-Rust (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 342 [1968]).
F. B. Leitz, M. A. Accomazzo, W. A. McRae (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 195/203).
R. G. Parent, J. W. Arnold (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept No. 900 [1974]).
F. B. Leitz (Phase I: Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 912 [1974]), F. B. Leitz, H. I. Viklund (Phase II: Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 913 [1974]), F. B. Leitz, M. A. Accomazzo, H. I. Viklund (Phase III: Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 914 [1974], Summary Rept. No. 915 [1974]).
F. O’Shaughnessy (Desalting Plants Inventory Report No. 4, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1973 ).
C. Gomella (Desalination 2 [1967] 283/6).
G. S. Solt (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 267/80).
G. Nebbia (Acqua Ind. Inquinamento 11 No. 7 [1969] 18/21).
Anonymous (Ingenieur [Utrecht] 83 No. 35 [1971] Ch 65/Ch 67); J. R. Olie, H. Weiss (Develop. Desalination Technol. Israel 1972 62/9), J. Maoz (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 205/18), B. M. Halpern, J. Olie (J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 64 [1972] 735/40).
L. A. Shishlyannikov, F. T. Shostak, E. E. Ergozhin (Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kaz.SSR 28 No. 2 [1972] 44/51; C.A. 76 [1972] No. 117364).
V. Balice, G. Boari, R. Passino, M. Santori, G. Tiravanti (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 151/68).
A. B. Botteri (Saneamiento 54 [1970] 157/89, 246; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 24687).
W. P. Harkare, V. K. Indusekhar, P. K. Narayanan, M. N. Prajapati (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 195/203).
K. P. Govindan, V. K. Indusekhar, N. Krishnaswamy (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 181/8).
V. N. Smagin, V. L. Demkin, V. K. Egorov, O. V. Evdokimov (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 219/27).
Literature to 3.8
R. E. Lacey (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No.80 [1963]).
M. S. Mintz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 182 [1966]).
M. S. Mintz, R. E. Lacey (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 259 [1967]).
R. E. Lacey (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 343 [1968]).
E. L. Huffman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 439 [1969]).
R. Redman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 683 [1971]).
R. N. Smith, R.A. Knight (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 669 [1971]).
E. Korngold (Develop. Desalination Technol. Israel 1972 70/3).
G. W. Murphy (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 14 [1957]).
R. E. Lacey, E. W. Lang, C. E. Feazel (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 38 [1960]).
Southern Research Institute (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 64 [1962]).
G. W. Murphy, R. R. Matthews (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 76 [1963]).
M. Moldau, A. Kh. Suit, L. R. Suit (Tr. Voronezhsk. Gos. Univ. 72 [1969] 116/20; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 168476).
R. E. Lacey, E. W. Lang (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 106 [1964]; Desalination 2 [1967] 387/93).
R. E. Lacey (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 135 [1965]).
R. E. Lacey (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 195 [1965], No. 228 [ 1967 ], No. 398 [1969]).
D. Bass, D. W. Thompson (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 269/77).
N. I. Nikolaev, A. M. Filimonova, M. D. Kalinina, G. G. Chuvileva (lonoobmen. Membrany Elektrodialize 1970 160/5; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 25364).
V. D. Grebenyuk, T. Z. Sotskova, N. P. Gnusin (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 45 [1971] 730/1; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 146711).
V. D. Grebenyuk, T. A. Sotskova, N. P. Gnusin (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 45 [1971] 1744/7; C.A. 75 [1971] No. 133387).
T. A. Davis, R. E. Lacey (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 557 [1970], No.710 [1971]).
Literature to 3.9
M. Kaho, T. Watanabe (Ind. Water Eng. 6 No. 11 [1969] 30/2; C.A. 72 [1970] No. 58936).
Y. Nomiyama (Kagaku Kogyo 23 [1972] 251/7; C.A. 76 [1972] No. 142934).
R. Yamane, M. Ichikawa, Y. Mizutani, Y. Onoue (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 8 [1969] 159/65).
S. Itoi (Desalination 2 [1967] 378/86).
T. Matsuda, S. Ogawa, Y. Onoue (Desalination 3 [1967] 295/303).
Y. Tsunoda, M. Kato (Desalination 3 [1967] 66/81).
V. B. Gaidaymov, M. M. Senyavin, A. A. Zaborskii, M. N. Kukovkina, Yu. G. Ponomarev (lonoobmen. Membrany Elektrodialize 1970 171/6; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 45442).
G. A. Bedyukh, N. N. Zubets, I. A. Anishchenko, Z. D. Lavrova, G. A. Lebedinskaya, L. D. Maysheva (Tr. Voronezhsk. Univ. 1971 No. 94, p. 110/3; C. A. 77 [1972] No. 118061).
B. N. Laskorin, N. M. Smirnova, Y. I. Tisov, A. V. Borisov, T. I. Savelyeva (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 189/94).
T. Watanabe, M. Kaho (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 281/9).
T. Watanabe, S. Azechi, Y. Tanaka, S. Nagatsuka, N. Yugi (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 24 [1970] 104/28; C.A. 75 [1971] No. 25154).
Y. Tanaka, T. Yuyama, N. Yugi, T. Yuzurihara (Nippon Kaisui Gakkai-Shi 25 [1972] 189/97; C.A. 77 [ 1972 ] No. 92517).-[13] R. E. Lacey, S. Loeb ( Industrial Processing with Membranes, New York 1972 ).
T. Helfgott, J. V. Hunter (Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. 65 No. 97 [1969] 218/31).
V. T. Kunin, A. V. Kuz’mina (lzv. Vysshikh Uchebn. Zavedenii Khim. i Khim. Tekhnol. 14 [1971] 100/3; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 102806).
N. I. Isaev, M. N. Romanov (Izv. Vysshikh Uchebn. Zavedenii Khim. i Khim. Technol. 12 [1969] 924/7; C.A. 72 [1970] No. 15592).
F. Wolf, R. Bachmann (Uniw. Adama Mickiewicza Poznania Pr. Wydz. Mat. Fiz. Chem. Ser. Chim. No. 10 [1969] 1/13; C.A. 72 [1970] No. 124875).
N. P. Gnusin, E. Kh. Ignatenko, A. S. Gumen (Ukr. Khim. Zh. 38 [1972] 659/62; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 118667).
V. P. Kochergin, T. F. Moiseeva, G. I. Krokhin (lzv. Vysshikh Uchebn. Zavedenii Khim. i Khim. Tekhnol. 14 [1971] 110/2; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 116334).
H. Tamura, Y. Matsuda, S. Tsujino (Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 74 [1971] 2003/5; C.A. 76 [1972] No. 9707).
E. Santiago (Tappi 54 [1971] 1641/5).
R. E. Lacey (Water Pollut. Contr. Res. Ser. Rept. 12010-EQF [1971]).
K. A. Beinov, L. A. Mazitov (Bumazhn. Proml. 1972 No. 5, p. 7/9; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 63651).
N. A. Ezerskaya, T. P. Solovykh (lzv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim. 1969 No. 5, p. 993/9; C.A. 71 [1969] No. 42681).
G. N. Shivrin, B. N. Laskorin, E. M. Shivrina (Tsvetn. Metal. 43 [1970] 89/93; C.A. 72 [1970] No. 123482).
P. Groll, F. Grass, K. Buchtela (Radiochim. Acta 12 [1969] 152/6).
Y. Honda, Y. Kimura, N. Tsurii (Radioisotopes [Tokyo] 21 [1972] 269/75).
N. I. Isaev, E. M. Malinovskaya (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 43 [1969] 1742/6; C.A. 71 [1969] No. 116896).
H. Saisse, J. Cohen, R. Kern (J. Chim. Phys. 69 [1972] 428/35).
N. Ya. Kovarskii, M. V. Pevnitskaya, L. G. Kolzunova (lonnyi Obmen lonity 1970 199/203; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 150293).
N. M. Smirnova, B. N. Laskorin (lonnyi Obmen lonity 1970 194/6; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 113848).
N. M. Smirnova, B. N. Laskorin (lonnyi Obmen lonity 1970 190/4; C.A. 74 [1971] No. 130708).
J. Lindeman, H. Czarczynska, W. Trochimczuk, H. Galina (Polimery 16 [1971] 266/9; C.A. 76 [1972] No. 76910).
D. S. Trivedi, R. Prober (Ion Exch. Membranes 1 [1972] 37/46).
T. Nishiwaki, H. Hani, S. Itoi (Membrane Sci. Technol. Ind. Biol. Waste Treat. Processes Proc. Symp., 1969 [1970], p. 150/70; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 37094).
N. Ya. Lyubman, A. I. Uskov, O. M. Gruzo (Tr. Gos. Nauchn. Issled. Proekt. Inst. Obogashch. Rud Tsvet. Metal. „Kazmekhanobr“ 1970 No. 3, p. 247/61; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 105376).
N. Ya. Lyubman, O. M. Gruzo, I. A. Sondar (Tr. Gos. Nauchn. Issled. Proekt. Inst. Obogashch. Rud Tsvet. Metal. „Kazmekhanobr“ 1970 No. 3, p. 262/71; C. A. 77 [1972] No. 105380).
W. E. Katz (Proc. Am. Power Conf. 33 [1971] 830/41).
J. T. Schrodt, P. J. Yonikas, R. B. Grieves (Can. J. Chem. Eng. 47 [1969] 398/402).
R. T. Khleborodova, A. I. Ryazanov (Zh. Prikl. Khim. 42 [1969] 1053/8; C.A. 71 [1969] No. 74482).
A. M. Gostomczyk, T. Winnick (Pr. Nauk. Inst. Inz. Chem. Urzadzen Ciepinych Politech. Wroslaw 3 No. 2 [1970] 64/99; C.A. 78 [1973] No. 76242).
V. V. Kotov, N. I. Isaev, V. A. Shaposhnik (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 46 [1972] 529/40; Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 46 [1972] 314/5).
K. Ciz, V. Cejkova (Listy Cukrov. 85 [1969] 230/2; C.A.72 [1970] No. 102073).
F.Perschak (Zucker 26 [1973] 239/45).
K. H. Huwe (Deut. Molkerei-Ztg. 93 [1972] 1500/2).
Literature to 3.10
University of Oklahoma (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 45 [ 1960 ], No. 58 [1962]).
G. W. Murphy, J. J. Bloomfield, F. W. Smith, W. E. Neptune, J. O. Purdue, D. Candle, A. L. Stevens, J. Tucker, E. N. Wood, L. Tague, M. Lawson, R. Rose, D. James (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 92 [1964]).
G. W. Murphy, J. J. Bloomfield, F. W. Smith, W. E. Neptune, D. Candle, A. L. Stevens, J. Tucker, E. N. Wood, L. Tague, B. A. Arnold, J. W. Blair, A. Satter (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 93 [1964]).
D. D. Candle, J. H. Tucker, J. L. Cooper, B. B. Arnold, A. Papastamataki, E. N. Wood, R. Hock, G. W. Murphy (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 188 [1966]).
G. W. Murphy, J. H. Tucker (Desalination 1 [1966] 247/59).
G. W. Murphy, J. L. Cooper (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 399 [1969]).
G. W. Reid, F. M. Townsend, A. M. Stevens, A. Al-Awady, A. Hu, J. P. Abichandani, A. Abbas (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 293 [1968]).
G. W. Reid, F. M. Townsend, E. H. Klehr, L. E. Streebin, A. Hu, S. W. Swafford, D. A. Dodson, C. Chieu (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 498 [1969]).
T. O. Rouse, A. Factor (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 524 [1970]).
Yu. N. Efimov, V. K. Solyakov (Tr. Vses. Nauchn. Issled. Inst. Vodosnabzh. Kanaliz. Gidrotekhn. Sooruzh. Inzh. Gidrogeol. 1970 No. 25, p. 11/9; C.A. 73 [1970] No. 80373), Yu. N. Efimov (Tr. Vses. Nauchn. Issled. Inst. Vodosnabzh. Kanaliz. Gidrotekhn. Sooruzh. Inzh. Gidrogeol. 1971 No. 29, p. 57/60; C.A. 78 [1973] No. 7668 ).
J. Farrar, S. Evans, G. D. Seele (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 126 [1965]).
S. Evans, W. S. Hamilton (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 156 [1966]).
A. M. Johnson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 155 and 218 [1966]).
A. W. Venolia, A. M. Johnson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 300 [1968]).
A. W. Venolia (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 502 [1969]).
A. M. Johnson, A. W. Venolia, R. G. Wilbourne, J. Newman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 516 [1970]).
A. M. Johnson, J. Newman (J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 [1971] 510/7).
S. Evans, M. A. Accomazzo, W. S. Hamilton, J. E. Lewis (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 284 [1968]).
S. Evans, M. A. Accomazzo, J. E. Accomazzo (J. Electrochem. Soc. 116 [1969] 307/9).
S. Evans, M. A. Accomazzo, J. E. Accomazzo, M. Ladacki, K. A. Lossett (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 409 [1969]).
S. Evans, M. A. Accomazzo, M. Ladacki, K. A. Lossett (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 598 [1970]).
T. A. Davis, R. E. Lacey (U.S. Natl. Tech. Inform. Serv. PB 210163 [1972]).
J. L. Eisenmann, J. D. Smith (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 506 [1970]), J. D. Smith, J. L. Eisenmann (Ind. Water Eng. 7 No. 9 [1970] 38/9).
L. Dresner (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] J. 12 [1973] 148/59).
J. J. Bikerman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 248 [ 1967 ], No. 510 [1970]).
B. K. Cooper (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 187 [1966]).
E. R. Gilliland (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 231 [1967]).
W. Schäfer (Desalination 3 [1967] 174/82).
M. Khalifa, A. A. Abdel-Hamid, M. M. S. Abdel-Salam (Z. Physik. Chem. [Leipzig] 247 [1971] 273/81, 333/9).
T. Buzzell, E. A. Cassell (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 757 [1972]).
E. A. Cassell, A. J. Rubin, H. B. LaFever, E. Matijevic (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 758 [1972]).
E. A. Cassell, E. Matijevic, F. Mangravite, T. Buzzell, S. B. Blabac (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 760 [1972]).
F. J. Mangravite, E. A. Cassell, E. Matijevic (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 756 [1972]).
E. Matijevic, F. J. Mangravite, E. A. Cassell (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 755 [ 1972 ]
Literature to 3.11
E. J. Breton (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 16 [1957]).
A. Dobry (Bull. Soc. Chim. France [5] 3 [1936] 312/8).— [3] S. Loeb, S. Sourirajan (Advan. Chem. Ser. 38 [1963] 117/32).
F. N. Karelin (Desalination 3 [1967] 207/12).
J. P. Agrawal, S. Sourirajan (Ind. Eng. Chem. 61 No. 11 [1969] 62/89).
A. Sharpies (Chem. Ind. [London] 1970 322/4).
F. Shenouda (Rheinstahl-Technik 4 [1970] 178/89).
J. B. Goodall, W. F. Lorch (Elga Progr. 9 No. 2 [1970] 5/12).
H. K. Lonsdale (Progr. Separ. Purif. 3 [1970] 191/232).
H. Strathmann (Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 42 [1970] 1095/102).
A. Sharpies (Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 43 [1971] 1253/7).
B. Leightell (Filtr. Separ. 8 [1971] 715/20).
S. Kimura (Hyomen 9 [1971] 237/48; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 168431).
C. Pert (Ind. Aliment. Agr. [Paris] 88 [1971] 1323/8).
R. E. Moore (Australian Chem. Process. Eng. 25 No. 2 [1972] 9/12).
I. Nusbaum, R. E. Cruver, J. H. Sleigh (Chem. Eng. Progr. 68 No. 1 [1972] 69/70; AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] Symp. Ser. 68 No. 124 [1972] 270/82).
J. E. Cruver (Mar. Technol. 9 [1972] 216/22).
M. A. Lynch (J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 64 [1972] 711/25).
Suk Ho Kang (Hwahak Konghak 10 [1972] 93/100).
P. C. Rice (Ion Exch. Progr. 11 No. 1 [1972] 1/3).
R. E. Lacey (Chem. Eng. 79 No. 19 [1972] 56/74).
N. Kimura (Shokuhin Kogyo 15 No. 18 [1972] 63/72).
C. P. Shields (Water Sewage Works 119 No. 1 [1972] 64/70).
A. Walch (Chemiker-Ztg. Chem.-Tech. 2 [1973] 7/11).
J. Baujard (Traitement Surface 14 No. 119 [1973] 21/5).
P. Dejmek, P. Eriksson, B. Hallstrom, A. Klima (Kern. Tidskr. 85 No. 3 [1973] 46/8).
M. Ardabili (Oberflächentechnik 1973 217/20).
J. Murkes (Chem. Tech. [Leipzig] 25 [1973] 601/4).
R. Steiner, E. Zibinski (Verfahrenstechnik [Mainz] 7 [1973] 337/42).
H. Haase (Chem. Anlagen Verfahren 1973 No. 10, p. 61/6).
H. P. Kreutzinger (Chem. Rundsch. [Solothurn] 26 No. 42 [1973] 9/11).
D. Pepper (Effluent Water Treat. J. 13 [1973] 779/84).
H. E. Podall (Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. 67 No. 107 [1971] 260/6).
R. E. Kesting (High Polymer 5 [1971] 1233/60).
E. Staude (Chemiker-Ztg. 96 [1972] 27/32).
E. Hochscherf, G. Mandre (Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 44 [1972] 1152/60).
T. Yamabe (Seisan-Kenkyu 24 [1972] 415/20).
H. K. Lonsdale (Desalination 13 [1973] 317/33).
U. Merlen (Desalination by Reverse Osmosis, Cambridge, Mass., 1966 ).
R. E. Lacey (Membrane Processes for Industry, Birmingham, Ala., 1966 ).
N. Lakshminarayanaiah ( Transport Phenomena in Membranes, New York 1969 ).
S. Sourirajan ( Reverse Osmosis, London 1970 ).
J. McDermott (Desalination by Reverse Osmosis, Park Ridge, N. J., 1970 ). - [44] R. E. Lacey, S. Loeb ( Industrial Processing with Membranes, New York 1972 ).
Hittman Associates, Inc. (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 611 [1970]).
H. K. Lonsdale ( Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972 ).
W. Schneider, K. Fischbeck (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 139/40).
S. Sourirajan (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 2 [1963] 51/5).
E. Glueckauf (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington, D.C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 1, p. 143/56).
W. Banks, A. Sharpies (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 143 [1965]).
K. S. Spiegler (Trans. Faraday Soc. 54 [1958] 1408/28).
K. S. Spiegler, O. Kedem (Desalination 1 [1966] 311/26), K. S. Spiegler (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 353 [ 1968 ], No. 613 [1970]).
S. Srinivasan, Chi Tien (Desalination 5 [1968] 139/56).
S. Srinivasan, Chi Tien (Desalination 7 [1969] 51/74).
S. Rosenbaum, O. Cotton (J. Polymer Sci. A 17 [1969] 101/9).
E. Klein, J. K. Smith, R. P. Wendt (J. Polymer Sci. C No. 28 [1969] 209/23).
W. Pusch (Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 41 [1969] 127/8).
H. Vink (Z. Physik. Chem. [Frankfurt] 71 [1970] 51/64).
Yu. I. Dytnerskii, G. V. Polyakov, L. S. Lukavyi (Teor. Osn. Khim. Tekhnol. 6 [1972] 628/31; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 118045).
A. Peterlin, J. L. Williams (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 15 [1971] 1493/505).
R. Schlögl ( Stofftransport durch Membranen, Darmstadt 1964 ).
Literature to 3.12
H. E. Podall (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 255, No.267, No. 268 [1967]).
C. W. Saltonstall, F. C. Burnett, W. S. Higley, W. M. King, A. L. Vincent (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 232 [1967]).
R. E. Kesting, W. J. Subcasky, J. D. Paton (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 28 [1968] 156/60), R. E. Kesting, W. J. Subcasky (J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. 3 [1969] 151/5).
R. E. Kesting, M. Engdahl, W. Stone (J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. 3 [1969] 157/67).
M. A. Frommer, D. Lancet (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No 774 (Pt. 1) [1972] 1/31).
M. A. Frommer, R. Matz, U. Rosenthal (Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 10 [1971] 193/6; Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 774 (Pt. 4) [1972] 68/82).
R. Matz (Desalination 10 [1972] 1/15, 11 [1972] 207/15; Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 774 (Pt. 5/6) [1972] 83/116).
M.A. Frommer, R. M. Messalem (Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 12 [1973] 328/33).
W. R. Vieth, A. S. Douglas, R. Block (J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 3 [1969] 737/49).
R. J. Raridon, L. Dresner, K. A. Kraus (Desalination 1 [1966] 210/24).
R. McKinney (Anal. Chem. 41 [1969] 1513/6).
C. Steymans, H. Fischer (Desalination 6 [1969] 203/14).
G. Greco, G. Astarita (Quad. Ing. Chim. Ital. 6 No. 3 [1970] 49/53).
R. Matz, C. Elate (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 511/34).
R. P. Wendt, R. J. Toups, J. K. Smith, N. Leger, E. Klein (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 10 [1971] 406/11).
E. Korngold, F. de Körösy (Desalination 11 [1972] 125/7).
U. Rosenthal, J. Nechushtan, A. Kedem, D. Lancet, M. A. Frommer (Desalination 9 [1971] 193/200).
J. Hollahan, T. Wydeven, R. P. MacGullough (J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol. 23 [1973] 669/74).
R. E. Kesting, J. Eberlin (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 10 [1966] 961/7).
H. K. Lonsdale, U. Merten, M. Tagami (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 11 [1967] 1807/20).
D. L. Erickson, J. Glater, J. W. McCutchan (Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 5 [1966] 205/11).
J. P. Agrawal, S. Sourirajan (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 8 [1969] 439/49).
J. Jagur-Grodzinski, O. Kedem (Desalination 1 [1966] 327/41).
C. Elata (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 291 [1968]; Desalination 6 [1969] 1/12).
H. E. Podall (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 303 [1968]).
W. N. Gill, L. J. Derzansky, M. R. Doshi (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 403 [1969]).
D. N. Bennion, B. W. Rhee (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 8 [1969] 36/48).
J. C. Osborn, D. N. Bennion (Univ. of California School Eng. Appl. Sci., Los Angeles Rept. No. 69-49 [ 1969 ]; Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 10 [1971] 273/80).
T. D. Hodgson (Desalination 8 [1970] 99/138).
W. F. Ramirez (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 10 [1971] 210/4).
S. Kimura (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol.4, p.197/206).
W. Pusch (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 321/32; Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 45 [1973] 1216/22).
G. Boari, C. Merli, G. Mossa, R. Passino (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 49/64).
F. Alfani, E. Drioli (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 13/23).
H. K. Lonsdale, C. E. Milstead, B. P. Cross, F. M. Graber (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 447 [1969]).
H. K. Lonsdale, B. P. Gross, F. M. Graber, C. E. Milstead (J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 5 [1971] 167/87).
J. T. Diez Roche (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 361/70).
M. Sono, Y. Kurokawa, N. Yui (Technol. Rept. Tohoku Univ. 37 [1972] 181/92; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 9685).
L. Kiorboe, C. E. Boesen, G. Jonsson (Desalination 12 [1973] 35/43).
G. Jacacio, R. F. Probstein, A. A. Sonin, F. Yung (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 809 [ 1972 ]; J. Phys. Chem. 76 [1972] 4015/23).
R. F. Probstein, A. A. Sonin, D. Yung (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 309/20).
U. Merten (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 2 [1963] 229/32).
U. Merten, H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 3 [1964] 210/3).
T. K. Sherwood, P. L. T. Brian, R. E. Fisher, L. Dresner (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 4 [1965] 113/8; Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 508 [1970] 115/20).
P. L. T. Brian (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 145 [ 1965 ]; Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 4 [1965] 439/45).
P. L. T. Brian (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington, D.C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 1, p. 349/70).
S. Srinivasan, Chi Tien, W. N. Gill (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 243 [1967]).
H. Strathmann (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 336 [1968]).
H. Strathmann, B. Keilin (Desalination 6 [1969] 179/201).
H. J. Bixler, R. A. Cross (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 469 [1969]).
Y. Winograd, A. Solan (Desalination 7 [1969] 97/109).
S. Srinivasan, Chi Tien (Desalination 7 [1970] 133/45).
C. K. Tsao (Desalination 8 [1970] 243/58).
F. A. Williams, T. J. Hendricks, M. K. Liu (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 622 [1970]).
E. Drioli, F. Alfani (Quad. Ing. Chim. Ital. 6 [1970] 179/85).
E. Drioli, F. Alfani, G. lorio (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol.4, p. 115/24).
M. K. Liu, F. A. Williams (Intern. J. Heat Mass Transfer 13 [1970] 1441/57).
Y. T. Shah (Intern. J. Heat Mass Transfer 14 [1971] 921/30).
R. A. Shaw, R. Deluca, W. N. Gill (Desalination 11 [1972] 189/205).
M. R. Doshi, A. K. Dewan, W. N. Gill (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] Symp. Ser. 68 No. 124 [1972] 323/39).
H. Strathmann (Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 44 [1972] 1160/7).
D. G. Thomas (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 11 [1972] 302/7).
D. G. Thomas (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 12 [1973] 395/405).
F. Alfani, E. Drioli (Chim. Ind. [Milan] 54 [1972] 235/40).
E. Drioli, F. Alfani, G. lorio (Chim. Ind. [Milan] 53 [1971] 674/5).
H. Goldsmith, H. Lolachi (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 527 [1970], No.727 [1971]).
H. Lolachi (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No.843 [1973]).
S. Srinivasan, Chi Tien (Desalination 13 [1973] 287/301).
S. P. Muhlenkamp, S. Srinivasan (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 251/8).
W. Pusch (in: H. K. Lonsdale, Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 43/58).
P. Harriott, D. L. Michelsen (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 330 [1968]).
B. Baum, S. A. Margosiak, W. H. Holley (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 467 [ 1969 ]; Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 11 [1972] 195/9).
D. R. Deanin, B. Baum, S. A. Margosiak, W. H. Holley (Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 9 [1970] 172/5).
H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, L. D. La Grange, C. R. Lyons, A. S. Douglas, U. Merten (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 484 [1969] 71/84).
Yu. I. Dytnerskii, G. V. Polyakov, S. L. Zakharov (Khim. Prom. 48 [1972] 504/5; C.A. 77 [1972] No. 118066).
S. L. Rosen, C. Irani, L. Baayens (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 791 [1972]), L. Baayens, S. L. Rosen (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 16 [1972] 663/70).
F. Klunker, P. Harriot (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] Symp. Ser. 68 No. 124 [1972] 340/8), P. Harriot, J. Wu, F. Klunker (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 846 [1973]).
D. L. Hoernschemeyer, C. W. Saltonstall, O. S. Schaeffler, A. J. Secchi (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 849 [1973]).
P. A. Cantor, B. J. Mechalas, O. S. Schaeffler, P. H. Allen (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 340 [1968]).
P. A. Cantor, B. J. Mechalas (J. Polymer Sci. C No. 28 [1969] 225/41).
J. C. Kissinger, C. O. Willits (Food Technol. 24 [1970] 481/4).
R. W. Lawrence, B. J. Mechalas, P. H. Allen, R. R. Jay (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 673 [1971]).
K. D. Vos, I. Nusbaum, A. P. Hatcher, F. O. Burris (Desalination 5 [1968] 157/66).
J. M. Jackson, D. Landolt (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, UCLA-ENG-7266 [ 1972 ]; Desalination 12 [1973] 361/78).- [85] J. D. Sheppard, D. G. Thomas (Desalination 8 [1970] 1/12).
J. D. Sheppard, D. G. Thomas (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] J. 17 [1971] 910/5).
J. D. Sheppard, D. G. Thomas (Desalination 11 [1972] 385/98).
P. A. Cantor, W. S. Highley, C. W. Saltonstall (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 601 [1970]).
E. A. G. Hamer, R. L. Kalish (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 471 [1969]).
W. S. Highley, C. W. Saltonstall (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 694 [1971]).
F. E. Littman, H. K. Bishop, R. McMillan (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 701 [1971]), F. E. Littman, H. K. Bishop, G. Belfort (Desalination 11 [1972] 17/30).
C. W. Saltonstall, W. M. King, D. L. Hoernschemeyer (Desalination 4 [1968] 309/27).
F. N. Karelin (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, 467/86).
G. R. G. Steiner, R. F. Eaton, T. K. Kwei, A. V. Tobolsky (U.S. Clearinghouse Fed. Sci. Tech. Inform. AD 714899 [1970]).
G. R. Garbarini, R. F. Eaton, T. K. Kwei, A. V. Tobolsky (J. Chem. Educ. 48 [1971] 226/30).
F. A. Williams (SIAM [Soc. Ind. Appl. Math.] J. Appl. Math. 17 No. 1 [1969] 59/73).
K. Ramanadhan, W. N. Gill (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] J. 15 [1969] 872/84).
H. Ohya, S. Sourirajan (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] J. 15 [1969] 780/2).
T. J. Hendricks, F. A. Williams (Desalination 9 [1971] 155/80).
N. Nakagawa, Y. Kurokawa, N. Yui (Technol. Rept. Tohoku Univ. 37 [1972] 207/17; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 9688).
K. W. Choi, D. N. Bennion (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Rept. Eng-7370 [1973]).
Y. Toyoshima, H. Nozaki (J. Phys. Chem. 73 [1969] 2134/41).
G. Tanny, O. Kedem (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 395/405).
G. Tanny, E. Hoffer, O. Kedem (Experimentia Suppl. No. 18 [1971] 619/30).
G. Tanny (Nature 242 [1973] 474/5).
F. M. Graber, H. K. Lonsdale, C. E. Milstead, B. P. Cross (Desalination 7 [1970] 249/58).
C. E. Milstead, A. B. Riedinger, H. K. Lonsdale (Desalination 9 [1971] 217/23).
R. Blunk (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Dept. Eng. Rept. No. 64-28 [1964]).
T. S. Govindan, S. Sourirajan (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 5 [1966] 422/9).
R. Matz, C. Elata (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 543 [1970]).
J. R. Anderson, R. S. Hamilton (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] Symp. Ser. 68 No. 124 [1972] 349/55).
S. Loeb, N. Zelinger, M. R. Bloch (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 235/41), S. Loeb, M. R. Bloch (Desalination 13 [1973] 207/15).
B. Bansel, R. DeLuca, L. Derzansky, A. K. Dewan, M. R. Doshi (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 854 [1973]).
J. L. Richardson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 107 [1964]).
G. J. Janz, G. E. Mayor (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 196 [1966]).
R. P. Wendt, M. Shamim (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 504 [1969]).-
Y. Henderyckx (Desalination 3 [1967] 237/42; Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 41 [1969] 124/7).
H. K. Lonsdale (Desalination 13 [1973] 317/32).
Literature to 3.13
S. Loeb, S. Sourirajan (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Dept. Eng. Rept. No. 60-60 [ 1960 ]; Advan. Chem. Ser. 38 [1963] 117/32).
S. Loeb, S. Manjikian (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Dept. Eng. Rept. No. 63-22 [1963]).
S. Loeb, F. Milstein (Dechema Monograph. 47 [1962] 707/33), S. Loeb (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Dept. Eng. Rept. No. 62-26 [1962]).
S. Manjikian, S. Loeb, J. W. McCutchan (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington, D.C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 2, p. 159/79).
B. Keilin (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 84 [ 1963 ], No. 117 [1964]).
U. Merten (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination, Washington, D.C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 1, p. 275/91), H. K. Lonsdale, U. Merten, R. L. Riley, K. D. Vos, J. C. Westmoreland (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 111 [1964]), H. K. Lonsdale, U. Merten, R. L. Riley, K. D. Vos (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 150 [1965]).
U. Merten, H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, K. D. Vos (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 208 [1966]).
L. L. Markley, R. A. Cross, H. J. Bixler (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 281 [1967]).
H. E. Podall (Advan. Colloid Interface Sci. 2 [1969] 331 /46).
K. Fischbeck (Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 41 [1969] 121/4).
R. E. Kesting, A. Manefee (Kolloid-Z. Z. Polymere 230 [1969] 341/6).
C. P. Bean (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 465 [1969]).
R. Gröpl, W. Pusch (Desalination 8 [1970] 277/92).
K. D. Vos, F. O. Burris (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 348 [ 1967 ]; Ind Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 8 [1969] 84/9).
J. Kopecek,
S. Sourirajan (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 13 [1969] 637/57).
J. P. Agrawal, S. Sourirajan (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 9 [1970] 12/8).
J. P. Agrawal, C. R. Antonson, N. W. Rosenblatt (Desalination 11 [1972] 71/90).
B. Kunst, S. Sourirajan (Desalination 8 [1970] 139/52; J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 14 [1970]723/33).[19] B. Kunst, S. Sourirajan (Natl. Res. Council Can. Rept. No. 11 523 [ 1970 ]; J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 14 [1970] 1983/96).
B. Kunst, A. M. Basnec, G. Arneri (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 217/25).
B. Kunst, G. Arneri, P. Goran, A. M. Basnec (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 840 [1973]).
B. Kunst, B. Floreani (Kolloid-Z. Z. Polymere 251 [1973] 600/2).
R. Bloch, M. A. Frommer (Desalination 7 [1970] 259/64), M. A.)Frommer, I. Feiner, O. Kedem,
R. Bloch (Desalination 7 [1970] 393/402), R. Bloch, M. A. Frommer, O. Kedem, I. Feiner, A. Kedem, D. Lancet (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 499 [1969] 1/41).
E. Glueckauf, D. C. Sammon (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 397/422).
E. Glueckauf, P. J. Russell (Desalination 8 [1970] 351/7).
G. J. Gittens, P. A. Hitchcock, D. C. Sammon, G. E. Wakley (Desalination 8 [1970] 369/91).
G. J. Gittens, P. A. Hitchcock, G. E. Wakley (Desalination 12 [1973] 315/22).- [28] L. Mandelkern (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 718 [1971]).
W. V. Johnston, J. Greyson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 707 [1971]).
M. Korsch, W. V. Johnston (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 837 [1972]).
H. Strathmann, P. Scheible, R. W. Baker (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 15 [1971] 811/28).
P. M. Fahey, H. E. Grethlein (Desalination 9 [1971] 297/313).
R. Pilon, B. Kunst,
S. Sourirajan (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 15 [1971] 1317/34).
J. Kepinski, N. Chlubek (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 487/95).
F. S. Model, H. J. Davis, A. A. Boom, C. Helfgott, L. A. Lee (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 657 [1971]).
E. Zisner, S. Loeb (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 615/28).
M. A. Frommer, D. Lancet, M. Shporer (U.S. Natl. Tech. Inform. Serv. AD 733467 [1971]), M. A. Frommer, D. Lancet (J. Appl. Polymer Sci.16 [1972] 1295/303).
D. W. Tanner, G. C. Berry, J. Borch, T. G. Fox (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 737 [1971]).
Tanner, G. C. Berry, J. Borch, T. G. Fox (Off
B. Kokta, F. Luner, R. Suen (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 829 [1972]).
B. Kokta, F. Luner, R. Suen (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 829 [1972])
E. A. Meinecke, D. V. Mehta (Desalination 10 [1972] 341/52; Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 111/29).
D. V. Mehta, E. A. Meinecke (Desalination 10 [1972] 353/68, 369/82).
G. J. Safford, P. S. Leung (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 834 [1972]).
H. E. Grethlein (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 147/57).
H. E. Grethlein (Desalination 12 [1973] 45/60).
M. N. Sarbolouki, I. F. Miller (Desalination 12 [1973] 343/59).
Water. Desalting
V. D. Volgin (Kolloidn. Zh. 35 [1973] 546/9; Colloid J. [USSR] 35 [1973] 506/9).
L. P. Perepechkin, V. P. Dubyaga, N. I. Naimark, B. A. Fomenko (Vysokomol. Soedin. A 15 [1973] 1173/7; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 93619).
R. Matz (Desalination 12 [1973] 273/5; Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 774 (Pt.7) [1972] 117/25).
A. Yi Yan (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 443/8).-[50] J. W. Carter, G. Psaras, M. T. Price (Desalination 12 [1973] 177/88).
M. Panar, H. H. Hoehn, R. R. Hebert (Macromolecules 6 [1973] 777/80).
M. Wakakuwa, Y. Kurokawa, N. Yui (Technol. Rept. Tohoku Univ. 37 [1972] 193/206; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 9686).
T. Gulyamov, B. R. Rashidov, E. Maksudov, B. I. Aikhodzhaev (Uzbeksk. Khim. Zh. 17 No. 3 [1973] 39/41; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 83327).
R. E. Kesting (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 185/96).- [55] C. Noël, L. Monnerie (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 275/83).
C. Lemoyne, C. Noël, L. Monnerie (Compt. Rend. 276 [1973] 1163/5).
J. L. Halary, C. Noël, L. Monnerie (Desalination 13 [1973] 251 /67).
R. Brun, E. Dubois, Y. Duriau (Desalination 4 [1968] 119/30).
Y. Trudelle, L. Nicolas (Desalination 4 [1968] 198/208).
S. Manjikian, C. Allen (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 378 [1968]).
H. Ohya, S. Sourirajan (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 15 [1971] 705/13).
N. S. Mason, O. Lindan, R. E. Sparks (Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. 67 No. 114 [1971] 139/50).
M. F. Re, D. N. Bennion (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 12 [1973] 69/75).
K. W. Boeddeker, J. Kaschemekat (GKSS-71/E/29 [1971]).- [65] T. T. Serafini, P. Delvigs, R. D. Vannucci (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 17 [1973] 3519/52).
M. Nakagaki, K. Miyata (Yakugaku Zasshi 93 [1973] 1105/11; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 16664).
K. Wakakuwa, Y. Kurokawa, N. Yui (Technol. Rept. Tohoku Univ. 38 [1973] 181/6; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 30521).
T. Furuta, Y. Kurokawa, N. Yui (Technol. Rept. Tohoku Univ. 38 [1973] 207/12; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 19323).
B. Kunst, S. Sourirajan (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 497/509; J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 14 [1970] 2559/68).
Literature to 3.14
C. W. Saltonstall (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 434 [1969]).
D. L. Hoernschemeyer, C. W. Saltonstall, O. S. Schaeffler, L. W. Schollenbach, A. J. Secchi, A. L. Vincent (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 556 [1970]).
C. W. Saltonstall (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 579/86).
D. L. Hoernschemeyer, L. W. Lawrence, C. W. Saltonstall, O. S. Schaeffler, A. J. Secchi (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 700 [1971]), D. L. Hoernschemeyer, R. W. Lawrence, C. W. Saltonstall, O. S. Schaeffler (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 163/75).
W. M. Kind, D. L. Hoernschemeyer, C. W. Saltonstall (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p.131/61).
J. K. Smith, F. Morton, E. Klein (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 507 [1970]).
J. K. Smith, E. Klein, F. Morton, T. Casebonne (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 630 [1970]).
S. Manjikian, S. Liu, M. Foley, C. Allen, B. Fabrick (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 534 [1970]).
S. Manjikian, M. I. Foley (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 612 [ 1970 ], No. 654 [1971]).— [10] J. Steigman, B. Luftig (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 704 [1971]).
H. Yasuda, C. E. Lamaze (in: A. F. Turbak, Membranes from Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives, Appl. Polymer Symp. No. 13 [1970] 157/67).
V. W. Goodlett, J. T. Dougherty, H. W. Patton (J. Polymer Sci. Al 9 [1971] 155/61).
K. W. Böddeker, J. Kaschemekat, H. Woldmann (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 65/71; Z. Physik. Chem. [Frankfurt] 87 [1973] 60/3).
H. K. Johnston, S. Sourirajan (J. App. Polymer Sci. 17 [1973] 2485/ 99).
W. J. Subcasky, G. Segovia (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 466 [1969]).
M. Hittmeier, L. S. Sande!, P. Luner (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 827 [1972]).
W. W. Carey, P. Luner (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 828 [1972]).
M. Barnes, C. Skaar, P. Luner (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 825 [ 1972 ].
M. Barnes, C. Skaar, P. Luner (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 831 [ 1972 ], No. 832 [1972]).
H. B. Hopfenberg, F. Kimura, P. T. Rigney, V. Stannett (J. Polymer Sci. C No. 28 [1969] 243/60).
Water Desalting
H. B. Hopfenberg, V. Stannett, F. Kimura, P. T. Rigney (in: A. F. Turbak, Membranes from Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives, Appl. Polymer Symp. No. 13 [1970] 139/55).
F. Kimura, H. B. Hopfenberg, V. Stannett (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 177/203).
V. Stannett, H. B. Hopfenberg, F. Kimura (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 788 [1971]).
C. Horowitz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 545 [1970]).
J. K. Smith, E. Klein (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 863 [1973]).
K. Kasai, Y. Kurokawa, N. Yui (Technol. Rept. Tohoku Univ. 38 [1973] 187/96; C.A. 80 [1974] No. 30522).
Literature to 3.15
K. A. Kraus, H. O. Phillips, A. E. Marcinkowsky, J. S. Johnson (Desalination 1 [1966] 225/30).225/30).
K. A. Kraus, A. J. Shor, J. S. Johnson (Desalination 2 [1967] 243/6).
H. Yasuda, C. E. Lamaze (Off. Saline Watar Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 473 [1969]).
H. Yasuda, C. E. Lamaze (J. Polymer Sci. A 119 [1971] 1537/51).
H. Yasuda, C. E. Lamaze, A. Schindler (J. Polymer Sci. All 9 [1971] 1579/90).
C. E. Lamaze, H. Yasuda (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 15 [1971] 1665/77).
D. R. Paul, O. M. Ebra-Lima (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 15 [1971] 2199/210).
D. A. Blackadder, J. S. Keniry (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 16 [1972] 2141/52)
A. Peterlin, H. Yasuda, H. G. OIf (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 16 [1972] 865/70)
Monsanto Research Corp. (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 61 [ 1962 ], No. 69 [1962]).
R. F. Baddour, W. R. Vieth, A. S. Douglas (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 144 [ 1965 ]; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 22 [1966] 588/98).
R. F. Baddour, W. R. Vieth, A. S. Douglas, A. S. Hoffman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 274 [1967]).
W. R. Vieth, A. S. Douglas, R. Bloch (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 352 [1968]), R. Bloch, W. R. Vieth (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 13 [1969] 193/204).
A. S. Michaels, H. J. Bixler, R. W. Hausslein, S. M. Fleming (0ff. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 149 [1965]).
C. W. Saltonstall, W. S. Higley, R. E. Kesting (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 167 [1966]), C. W. Saltonstall, W. S. Higley, W. M. King (0ff. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 220 [1966]).
C. W. Saltonstall, W. S. Higley (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 360 [1968]).
U. Merten, H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, K. D. Vos (0ff. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 369 [1968] 60/78).
R. L. Riley, C. R. Lyons, U. Merten (0ff. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 484 [1969] 87/120; Desalination 8 [1970] 177/93).
H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, C. E. Milstead, L. D. LaGrange, A. S. Douglas, S. B. Sachs (0ff. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 577 [1970] 64/75).
H. S. Schultz, N. D. Field (0ff. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 609 [1970]).
Water Desalting 271
A. Sharpies, G. Thomson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 329 [1967]).
G. Maconochie, A. Sharpies, G. Thomson (European Polymer J. 7 [1971] 499/511).
G. Maconochie, G. Thomson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 533 [ 1970 ]; European Polymer J. 7 [1971] 513/21).
A. S. Hoffman, M. Modell (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 374 [1968]).
A. S. Hoffman, M. Modell, P. Pan (Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. 64 No. 90 [1968] 324/5; J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 14 [1970] 285/301).
T. A. Jadwin, A. S. Hoffman, W. R. Vieth (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 14 [1970] 1339/59).
J. Kopecek, J. Vacik (Collection Czech. Chem. Commun. 28 [1973] 854/60).
S. B. Sachs, W. H. Baldwin, J. S. Johnson (Desalination 6 [1969] 215/28).
C. E. Milstead, M. Tagami (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 405/18).
J. S. Johnson, R. E. Minturn, P. H. Wadia (J. Electroanal. Chem. 37 [1972] 267/81).
T. W. Brooks, C. L. Daffin (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 385 [ 1969 ], No. 460 [1969]).
T. W. Brooks, D. A. Warner, C. L. Daffin, J. Patton (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 660 [1971]).
C. W. Plummer, G. Kimura, A. B. LaConti (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 551 [1970]).
P. Chludzinski, J. F. Austin, J. Enos (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 697 [1971]).
G. Kimura (Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 10 [1971] 335/9).
A. B. LaConti, P. J. Chludzinski, A. P. Fickett (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 263/84).
H. F. Hamil, W. W. Harlowe (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 530 [1970]).
H. F. Hamil (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 800 [1972]).
R. McKinney, J. H. Rhodes (Macromolecules 4 [1971] 633/7).
R. Mc Kinney (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 253/61).
R. McKinney, W. L. Hofferbert, J. A. Carden (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 886 [1973]).
L. Credali, A. Chiolle, P. Parrini (Polymer 14 [1972] 503/6).
L. Credali, A. Chiolle, P. Parrini (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 95/105; Desalination 14 [1974] 137/50)
L. Credali, P. Parrini, E. Leonelli, A. Chiolle (Chim. Ind. [Milan] 56 [1974] 19/24).
M. A. Frommer, J. S. Murday, R. M. Messalem (European Polymer J. 9 [1973] 367/73).
G. Alessandrini, M. Pegoraro, A. Penati, G. Mossa (Chim. Ind. [Milan] 54 [1972] 105/11).
M. Pegoraro, A. Penati, G. Alessandrini (Chim. Ind. [Milan] 54 [1972] 505/13).
M. Pegoraro (Pure Appl. Chem. 30 [1972] 199/215).
M. Pegoraro (Pure Appl. Chem. 30 [1972] 199/215).
M. Pegoraro, A. Penati (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 129/38).
J. K. Stille, M. Kamachi, M. Kurihara (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 792 [1972]), M. Kamachi, M. Kurihara, J. K. Stille (Macromolecules 5 [1972] 161/7).
M. Kurihara, M. Kamachi, J. K. Stille (J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Chem. 11 [1973] 587/610).
G. Tanny, J. Jagur-Grodzinski (Desalination 13 [1973] 53/62).
G. Canepa, S. Munari, C. Rossi, F. Vigo (Desalination 13 [1973] 159/70).
D. Mittelstädt, S. Peter (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 243/9), S. Peter, D. Mittelstädt (Kolloid Z.-Z. Polymere 251 [1973] 225/31).
H. Scott, F. L. Serafin, P. L. Kronick (J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Letters B 8 [1970] 563/71).
J. R. Hollahan, T. Wydeven (Science [2] 179 [1973] 500/1).
D. McIntyre, S. Krishnamurthy, B. H. Meyer (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 766 [1972]).
R. Chapurlat (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 83/93).
R. V. Cartwright, M. A. Grable, B. M. Riggleman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 857 [1973]).
L. C. Scala, L. W. Frost, P. K. Lee, D. F. Ciliberti, G. D. Dixon (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 860 [1973]).
P. H. Wilken, A. J. Blardinelli, J. L. Schwendeman, I. O. Salyer, L. E. Erbaugh (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 862 [1973]).
L. A. Pilato, L. M. Litz, J. E. McGrath, R. N. Johnson, I. E. Kochevas (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 867 [1973]).
A. F. Graefe, W. J. Schell, C. W. Saltonstall, V. F. Stannet, H. E. Hopfenberg (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 870 [1973]).
H. Strathmann, R. Devarakonda (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 726 [1971]).
H. Strathmann, H. D. Saler, R. W. Baker (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 381/94).
H. Strathmann, R. A. Cross, T. R. Rich, B. E. Carroll (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 894 [1973]).
E. Drioli, L. Nicolais, A. Ciferri (J. Polymer Sci. 11 [1973] 3327/9), L. Nicolais, E. Drioli (Quad. Ing. Chim. Ital. 10 [1974] 11/4).
J. Kepinski, N. Chlubek (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 181/4).
Literature to 3.16
P. S. Francis (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 177 [1966]).
P. S. Francis, J. E. Cadotte (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 247 [1967]).
U. Mer-ten, H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, K. D. Vos (Desalination 3 [1967] 353/8).
L. T. Rozelle, J. E. Cadotte, R. D. Corneliussen, E. E. Erickson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 359 [1968]).
L. T. Rozelle, J. E. Cadotte, D. J. McClure (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 531 [1970]).
L. T. Rozelle, J. E. Cadotte, W. L. King, A. J. Senechal, B. R. Nelson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Prog. Rept. No. 659 [ 1971 ]; Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 419/35).
L. T. Rozelle, J. E. Cadotte, B. R. Nelson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 725 [1971]).
R. L. Riley, H. K. Lonsdale, L. D. LaGrange, C. R. Lyons (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 386 [1969]).— [9] H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, L. D. LaGrange, A. S. Douglas, U. Merten (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 484 [1969]).[10] H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, C. E. Milstead, L. D. LaGrange, A. S. Douglas, S. B. Sachs (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 577 [1970]).
S. B. Sachs, H. K. Lonsdale (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 561/78; J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 15 [1971] 797/809).
J. A. Dahlheimer, D. G. Thomas, K. A. Kraus (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 9 [1970] 566/9).
R. L. Nickelson, E. A. Birkhimer, D. E. Coverdell, Y. Y. Lai, D. G. J. Wang (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 520 [1970]).
A. C. Wrotnowski, E. G. Bernard (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 599 [1970]).
G. Dagan, A. Gollan (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 614 [1970]), A. Gollan, G. Dagan (Desalination 8 [1970] 261/75).
R. L. Riley, H. K. Lonsdale, C. R. Lyons (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 551/60).
R. L. Riley, C. E. Milstead, H. K. Lonsdale, K. J. Mysels (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 729 [1971]).— [18] R. L. Riley, G. R. Hightower, H. K. Lonsdale, J. F. Loos, C. R. Lyons (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 799 [1972]).
C. E. Milstaed, G. R. Hightower, C. R. Lyons, K. J. Mysels, R. L. Riley (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 847 [1973]).
R. L. Riley, C. E. Milstead, W. J. Wrasildo, R. L. Grabowsky, G. R. Hightower (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 851 [1973]).
R. L. Riley, G. R. Hightower, C. R. Lyons, M. Tagami (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 333/47), R. L. Riley, G. R. Hightower, C. R. Lyons (Appl. Polymer Symp. No. 22 [1973] 255/67).
H. Yasuda (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 811 [ 1972 ]; Appl. Polymer Symp. No. 22 [1973] 241/53).
H. P. Smith, K. K. Sirkar (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 807 [1972]).
T. R. Bott, K. D. Walford (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 73/82).
C. Lefebvre, A. Van Haute (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 227/34).
J. E. Cadotte, K. E. Cobian, L. T. Rozelle (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 874 [1973]).
Literature to 3.17
Resources Research Inc. (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 52 [1961]).
B. H. Goldner (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 160 [1965]).
N. L. Gale, B. H. Goldner (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 323 [1968]).
E. Epstein (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 161 [1965]).
R. Katzman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 178 [1966]).
N. S. Bricker (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 206 [1966]).
S. S. Nelson, I. Blei (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 221 [1966]).
E. Usdin, J. M. Spurlok, J. A. Simmons (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 433 [1969]).
R. C. Bean, R. W. Albers, S. R. Caplan, E. Epstein, R. Katzman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 513 [1970]).
J. E. Zull (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 652 [1971]).
L. S. Meriwether, L. K. Bjornson, H. F. Jaillet (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 667 [1971]).
A. Essig (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 752 [1972]).
B. Z. Ginzburg, M. Ginzburg (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 751 [1972]).
W. Drost-Hansen (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 790 [1972]).
A. Katchalsky, B. Z. Ginzburg, M. Ginzburg (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalination
Water Desalting 281
Washington, D.C., 1965 [1967], Vol. 1, p. 441 /51).
B. S. Fisher, H. Y. Hsiao (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 482 [1969]).
N. R. S. Hollies, H. Y. Hsiao, B. S. Watson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 663 [1971]).
H. T. Tien (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 696 [1971]).
R. C. Bean (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 812 [1971]).
T. Teorell (Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 33 [1935] 282/5).
K. H. Meyer, J. F. Sievers (HeIv. Chim. Acta 19 [1936] 649/77).
E. Hoffer, O. Kedem (Desalination 2 [1967] 25/39).
E. Hoffer, O. Kedem (Desalination 5 [1968] 167/72).
E. Hoffer, J. Sinnreich (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 591 [1970] 21/6).
E. Hoffer, O. Kedem (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 11 [1972] 221/5, 227/8).
D. Vofsi, O. Kedem (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 324 [1968], No. 401 [1969], No. 591 [1970], No. 653 [1971], No. 787 [ 1972 ], No. 850 [1973]).
E. Hoffer
O. Kedem (J. Phys. Chem. 76 [1972] 3638/41).
R. Simons, O. Kedem (Desalination 13 [1973] 1/16).
0. Kedem (Israel J. Chem. 11 [1973] 313/4).
M. Nakagaki, M. Kobayashi (Yakugaku Zasshi 93 [1973] 864/74; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 86813).
J. G. McKelvey, K. S. Spiegler, M. R. Wyllie (Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. 55 No. 24 [1959] 199/208).
U. Merten, H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, K. D. Vos (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 265 [1967] 122/36).
U. Merten, H. K. Lonsdale, R. L. Riley, K. D. Vos (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 369 [1968] 78/81).
W. Pusch (Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 74 [1970] 444/9; Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 535/49).
W. H. Baldwin, C. E. Higgins, J. Csurny (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 508 [1970] 163/8).
P. Meares, T. Foley (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 584 [1970]).
P. Hoornaert, C. Lefebvre, A. Van Haute (Desalination 11 [1972] 315/27).
P. Hoornaert, C. Lefebvre, A. Van Haute (Desalination 11 [1972] 315/27).
D. G. Thomas (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 407/16).
J. R. Kuppers (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 31 [1969] 577/8).
F. Wolf, K. Abicht (Plaste Kautschuk 19 [1972] 20/6).
J. W. van Heuven, R. K. Bloebaum (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 435/42).
L. C. Flowers, D. E. Sestrich, D. Berg (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 224 [1966]).— [43] L. C. Flowers, P. K. Lee, E. S. Bober, M. H. Gjertsen, D. Berg (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 418 [1969]).
E. S. Bober, L. C. Flowers, P. K. Lee, D. E. Sestrich (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 544 [1970]).
F. E. Littman, G. A. Guter (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 379 [1968], No. 505 [ 1970 ].
F. E. Littman, F. D. Kleist, G. A. Croopnick (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 720 [1971]).
E. V. Ballou, T. Wydeven, M. I. Leban (Environ. Sci. Technol. 5 [1971] 1032/8).
E. V. Ballou, T. Wydeven (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 41 [1972] 198/207).
D. C. Crozier, P. W. McMillan, S. V. Phillips, J. McC. Taylor (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 107/14).
G. Belfort, J. Scherfig (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 3, p. 69/79).
J. Jagur-Grodzinski, B. Bikson, D. Vofsi (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 171/80).
Literature to 3.18
I. J. Hutkin, M. H. Dawson, R. Wintersdorff (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 212 [1966]).
Aerojet-General Corporation (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 86 [1964]).
D. T. Bray, H. F. Menzel (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 176 [1966]).
Aerojet-General Corporation (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 213 [1966]).
C. G. DeHaven, M. A. Jarvis, C. R. Wunderlich (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 356 [1968]).
B. Keilin, C. G. DeHaven (Proc. 1st Intern. Symp. Water Desalin., Washington, D.C., 1965 [ 1967 ], Vol. 2, p. 367/88).
W. N. Gill, Chi Tien, D. W. Zeh (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 185 [1966]).
K. D. B. Johnson, J. R. Grover, D. Pepper (Desalination 2 [1967] 40/55).
C. S. Miller, D. D. Spatz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 339 [1968]).
J. L. Brock, P. M. Fahey, C. S. Miller, D. D. Spatz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 441 [1969]).
R. C. Ellington (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 410 [1969]).
H. W. McRobbie, L. M. Litz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 423 [1969]).
A. S. Michaels, H. J. Bixler, R. A. Cross, D. S. Cleveland, B. Carrot (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 795 [1972]).
C. G. DeHaven, E. R. Watson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 422 [1969]).
E. R. Watson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 429 [ 1969 ], No. 430 [1969] and No. 431 [1969]).
G. A. Fluke (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 428 [1969]).
W. H. Bossert, G. A. Fluke (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 427 [1969]).
F. N. Karelin, V. A. Lishnevskii (Tr. Vses. Nauchn. Issled. Inst. Vodosnabzh. Kanaliz. Gidrotekhn. Sooruzh. Inzh. Gidrogeol. 1970 No. 25, p. 19/24; C.A. 73 [1970] No. 80367).
D. G. Thomas, P. H. Hayes, W. R. Mixon, J. D. Sheppard, W. L. Griffith, R. M. Keller (Environ. Sci. Technol. 4 [1970] 1129/36).
D. S. Davies, J. G. Canamare (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 420 [1969]).
D. S. Davies, I. Bemberis (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 671 [1971]).
E. C. Kaup (Chem. Eng. 80 No. 8 [1973] 46/55).
S. Kimura, S. Sourirajan, H. Ohya (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 8 [1969] 79/89).
H. Ohya, S. Sourirajan (Desalination 6 [1969] 153/78; AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] J. 15 [1969] 826/36).
W. L. Griffith, R. M. Keller, R. A. Ebel, R. S. Dillon (ORNL-Y-1699 [1970]).
J. J. Perona, R. S. Dillon (Desalination 11 [1972] 149/63).
Mei-Kao Liu (Desalination 9 [1971] 181/91).
S. Srinivasan, Chi Tien (Desalination 10 [1972] 273/86).
A. S. Hodgson (Desalination 11 [1972] 113/23).
P. Dejmek (Chem. Eng. Sci. 27 [1972] 1577/83).
R. A. Tidball, S. C. May (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 417/24).
F. R. Lepper (Power Eng. 77 No. 5 [1973] 56/9).
F. O’Shaghnessy (U.S. Dept. Interior Desalting Plant Inventory Rept. No. 4 [1973]).
A. Wutschel (Oberfläche-Surface 12 No. 3 [1972] 42/6).
E. J. Connelley (Proc. Amer. Power Conf. 34 [1972] 716/24).
K. Marquardt (Chemiker-Ztg.
Chem. Tech. 2 [1973] 245/53).
E. R. Lising, R. Alward (Desalination 11 [1972] 261/8).
R. Alward, E. R. Lising, T. Lawand (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 25/34).
W. S. Gillam, H. E. Podall (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 385/95; Desalination 9 [1971] 201/11).
T. J. Hendricks, J. F. Macquin, F. A. Williams (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 11 [1972] 276/9).
L. T. Fan, C. Y. Cheng, L. E. Erickson, C. L. Hwang (Desalination 3 [1967]225/36); L. T. Fan, C. Y. Cheng, L. Y. S. Ho, C. L. Hwang, L. E. Erickson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 332 [ 1968 ]; Desalination 5 [1968] 237/65, 6 [1969] 131/52).
L. T. Fan, J. T. Tseng, C. L. Hwang, L. E. Erickson (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol.2, p. 371 /84).
J. J. Perona, T. W. Pickel, K. A. Kraus (Desalination 8 [1970] 73/91).
J. J. Perona, T. W. Pickel, K. A. Kraus (Desalination 8 [1970] 73/91).
Gmelin Handbuch 19
Water Desalting
G. B. Hatfield, G. W. Graves (Desalination 7 [1970] 147/77).
D. G. Thomas, W. L. Griffith,
R. M. Keller (Desalination 9 [1971] 33/50).
S. T. Braunheim (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 684 [1971]).
S. T. Braunheim (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 684 [1971]).
I. E. Apeltsin, F. N. Karelin, V. A. Lishnevskii, A. B. Kosminskii (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 35/47).
H. U. Müller (Chem. Ingr.-Tech. 45 [ 1973 ] 431 ).
R. Rautenbach, A. Pasternack (Verfahrenstechnik [Mainz] 6 [1972] 19/22), R. Rautenbach, A. Pasternack, K. Rauch (Verfahrenstechnik [Mainz] 6 [1972] 399/405).
C. Y. Cheng, S.W. Cheng, L. T. Fan (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] J. 13 [1967] 438/42).
C. Y. Cheng, L. T. Fan (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 357 [1968]).
G. B. Gilbert (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 672 [1971], No.680 [1971]).
K. E. Hickman, J. P. Tramoni, J. T. Ganley, E. J. Fahiminian (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 457 [1969]).
C. Sanchez Tarifa (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 3, p. 475/90).
C. Sanchez Tarifa (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 369/80).
B. C. Drude (Desalination 2 [1967] 325/8).
B. C. Drude, E. Klapp (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 125/34).
F. L. Harris, G. B. Humphreys,
H. Isakari, G. Reynolds (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 509 [1969]).
H. Alcalay, R. Matz (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 311/27).
D. L. Banfield (Chem. Ind. [London] 1970 348/51).
C. F. Clark (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 638 [1970]).
S. Manjikian, M. Foley, C. Allen (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 670 [1971]).
W. H. Denton, W. H. Hardwick, K. D. B. Johnson (Water Treat. Seventies Proc. Symp., Reading, Engl., 1970, p. 145/59).
F. D. Dryden (Ind. Water Eng. 8 No. 7 [1971] 24/6).
S. A. Gembicki, R. L. Brewster, P. W. Weaver, T. T. Shanon (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 876 [1973]).
R. E. Minturn (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 897 [1973]).
E. I. Ewoldson, M. H. Jhawar, P. Mothes (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 885 [1973]).[68] E. G. Kaup (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 899 [1973]).
R. A. Ackerman, D. R. Bogue, J. E. Gugele (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 895 [1973]).
J. Schulz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 216 [1966]).
A. Riedinger, J. Schulz (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 217 [1966]),
S. S. Kremer, A. Riedinger, J. H. Sleigh, R. L. Truby (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 586 [1970]).
J. Schulz, A. Riedinger, H. McCracken (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 237 [1967]).
D. Kuiper, C. A. Born, J. L. van Hezel, J. Verdouw (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 207/14).
D. Pepper, A. I. Rogan, C. Tanner (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 297/308).
W. H. Hardwick (Chem. Ind. [London] 1970 297/301).
Y. Henderyckx (Tech. Eau Assainissement No. 304 [1972] 29/37, No. 305 [1972] 39/45, No. 309 [1972] 33/47).
R. F. Madsen, O. J. Olsen (Chemiker- Ztg.
Chem. Tech. 3 [1974] 81/4).
K. M. Oesterle (Chem. Rundschau [Solothurn] 26 [1973] 14, 17/23).
K. Marquardt (Oberfläche-Surface 14 [1973] 271/5, 303/6, 338/41; Metalloberfläche-Angew. Elektrochem. 27 [1973] 169/82; Chemiker-Ztg.
Chem. Tech. 2 [1973] 245/53).
P. G. LeGros, C. E. Gustafson, B. P. Shepherd, W. F. Mcllhenny (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 587 [1970]).
R. F. Battey, R. N. Jacobson, S. Foster (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 641 [1971]).
W. L. Griffith, R. M. Keller, D. G. Thomas, W. J. Boegly (Desalination 11 [1972] 91/112).
Literature to 3.19
S. Loeb (Desalination 1 [1966] 35/49).
D. Stevens, S. Loeb (Desalination 2 [1967] 56/74).
S. Loeb, E. Selover (Desalination 2 [1967] 75/80).
J. S. Johnson, J. W. McCutchan, D. N. Bennion (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, School Eng. Appl. Sci. Rept. No. 69-45 [1969]), J. W. McCutchan, J. S. Johnson (J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 62 [1970] 346/53).
R. E. Fisher, T. K. Sherwood, P. L. T. Brian (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 141 [1965]).
S. Srinivasan, C. Tien (Desalination 3 [1967] 5/16).
W. L. Griffith, R. M. Keller, K. A. Kraus (Desalination 4 [1968] 283/308), Corrigendum by W. L. Griffith, R. M. Keller, D. G. Thomas, W. J. Boegly (Desalination 11 [1972] 129/32).
G. A. Fluke (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop.
Water Desalting 297
Progr. Rept. No. 426 [1969]).
J. Murkes, H. Bohman (Desalination 11 [1972] 269/301).
J. S. Johnson, K. A. Kraus, S. M. Fleming, H. D. Cochran, J. J. Perona (Desalination 5 [1968] 359/69).
Y. Winograd, A. Solan (Desalination 8 [1970] 237/41).
C. W. Saltonstall, H. F. Shuey (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 730 [1971]).— [13] H. K. Bishop, G. Belfort, G. A. Guter (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 464 [1969]).
E. W. Pitera, S. Middleman (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design Develop. 12 [1973] 52/6).
W. J. Subcasky (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 532 [1970]).
J. L. Richardson, G. Segovia, W. Baerg, M. L. Anderson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 455 [1969]).
J. L. Richardson, G. Segovia, A. O. Brodie (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 576 [1970]).
J. L. Richardson, G. Segovia, J. W. Mason, W. J. Subcasky (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 661 [19711).
J. L. Richardson, G. Segovia, W. H. Bachle, H. A. Parker-Jones (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 205/40).
R. Matz, M. P. Tulin, A. Gollan, H. S. Preiser, H. Alcalay (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 542 [1970]).
A. Gollan (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 443/65).
A. Gollan, M. P. Tulin (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 423/42).
A. Gollan, M. P. Tulin, C. Elate (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 806 [1972]).
A. Gollan, M. Frommer, R. Matz, M. Tulin (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 855 [1973]).
K. M. Saldadze, G. Z. Nefedova, A. A. Yasminov, E. A. Kotyakhov, L. I. Gracheva, N. E. Kozhevnikova (Plast. Massy 1973 No. 3, p. 40/1; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 43321).
A. A. Yasminov, E. A. Kotyakhov, L. I. Gracheva (Opresnenie Solen. Vod Ispol’z. ikh Vodonabzh. 1972 153/8; C.A. 79 [1973] No. 83329).
B. Baum, R. A. White, W. H. Holley, W. R. Diehl, R. C. Trudeau, D. C. Button (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 604 [1970]), B. Baum, R. A. White, W. H. Holley (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 475/ 90).
B. Baum, R. A. White, H. Stiskin, W. H. Holley (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 865 [1973]).
B. Baum, R. A. White, W. H. Holley, H. Stiskin (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 868 [1973]).
A. Gollan, J. Ricklis, M. P. Tulin (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 135/46).
S. Srinivasan, Chi Tien (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 587/600; Desalination 9 [1971] 127/39, Corrigendum in: Desalination 12 [1973] 277/9).
R. I. Nunge, L. R. Adas (Desalination 13 [1973] 17/36).
R. Blevitt, R. H. Hartupee, M. Marks (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 665 [1971]).
R. H. Williams, A. O. Brodie, C. H. Lewis, J. S. Field, J. C. Britt (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 884 [1973]).
R. H. Williams, G. Segovia, W. H. Bachle, J. C. Britt, J. L. Richardson (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 871 [1973]).
E. A. G. Hamer (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 424 [1969]).
J. R. Grover, M. H. Delve (Chem. Eng. [London] No. 257 [1972] 24/8), J. R. Grover (Chem. Ind. [Lon- don] 1973 369/70), J. R. Grover, R. Gayler, M. H. Delve (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 159/69).
D. B. Guy (Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. 65 No. 91 [1969] 43/7).
G. A. Fluke (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 582 [1970]).
F. L. Harris, G. B. Humphreys (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 642 [1971]). [41] H. Cohen, S. Loeb (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 339/49).
H. Cohen (Proc. Symp. Develop. Desalination Technol. Israel, Jerusalem 1972, p. 22/41).
P. J. Chludzinski (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 881 [1973]).
Literature to 3.20
U. Merten (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 165 [1966]).
H. F. Menzel (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 236 [1967]).
T. J. Larson, S. S. Kremen, L. Nusbaum, A. B. Riedinger (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 313 [1968]).
T.J. Larson, L. Nusbaum, A. B. Riedinger, J. Astl (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 338 [1968]).
A. B. Riedinger, J. K. Laughlin, R. G. Sudak (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 341 [1968]).
T. J. Larson, B. C. Gibbons (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 442 [1969]).
R. G. Sudak (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 453 [1969]).
T. J. Larson (Desalination 7 [1970] 187/99).
G. E. Foreman, S. S. Kremen, A. B. Riedinger, R. L. Truby, W. W. Wight (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 675 [1971]).
S. S. Kremen, A. B. Riedinger (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 676 [1971]).
G.E. Foreman, S. S. Kremen, J. F. Loos (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 677 [1971]).
G. E. Foreman, S. S. Kremen, W. W. Wight, T. D. Wolfe (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 875 [ 1973 ], No. 880 [1973]).
J. M. Chirrick, G. E. Foreman, A. B. Riedinger, W. W. Wight (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 901 [1973]).
Literature to 3.21
W. P. Cooke (Desalination 7 [1969] 31/46).
R. J. Mattson, V. J. Tomsic (Chem. Eng. Progr. 65 [1969] 62/8).
H. I. Mahon, E. A. McLain, E. W. Skiens, B. J. Green, T. E. Davis (Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Ser. 65 No. 91 [1969] 48/51).
M. E. Cohen, B. M. Riggleman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 400 [1969]).
M. E. Cohen, M. A. Grable, B. M. Riggleman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 518 [ 1970 ], No. 608 [1970]).
M. B. Harbert, M. E. Cohen, M. A. Grable, J. W. Morton, B. M. Riggleman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 745 [1972]).
F. S. Model, L. A. Lee (Reverse Osmosis Membrane Research, New York 1972, p. 285/97).
D. R. Paul (J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 16 [1972] 771/83).
W. N. Gill, B. Bansal (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] J. 19 [1973] 823/31).
T. A. Orofino (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 549 [1970]).
T. A. Orofino (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 798 [1972]).
R. L. Leonard (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 872 [1973]).
R. L. Leonard, T. A. Orofino (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 887 [1973]).
T. A. Orofino, R. L. Leonard, J. C. Berry, T. E. Britt, J. A. Garden (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 893 [1973]).
A. M. Stake, C. Giori, J. J. Hillman (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 768 [1972]).
A. A. Boom, H. J. Davis, M. Jaffee, L. A. Lee, F. S. Model (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 818 [1972]).
D. S. Cleveland, M. Rambeau, A. Czernicki, T. R. Rich (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 856 [1973]).
E. A. Meinecke, D. V. Mehta, S. Grume (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 845 [1973]).
C. Chen, C. A. Petty (Desalination 12 [1973] 281 /93).
E. L. Dance, T. E. Davis, H. I. Mahon, E. A. McLain, W. E. Skiens, J. O. Spano (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 763 [1971]).
T. E. Davis, W. E. Skiens (Polymer Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polymer Chem. 12 [1971] 378/84).
N. P. Chopey (Chem. Eng. 78 No. 3 [1971] 28/30).
H. I. Mahon, M. D. Bearden (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 923 [1974]).
R. F. Machacek, J. O. Osburn (J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Symp. No. 41 [1973] 109/16).
A. C. Tanquary (Bull. S. Res. Inst. 26 No. 1 [1973] 10/3).
Anonymous (Sci. Am. 230 [1974] 10/1).
Literature to 3.22
S. Manjikian (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 448 [1969]).
A. S. Hodgson, D. Pal (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 674 [1971]).
W. M. King (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 682 [1971]).
W. M. King, M. L. O’Hair (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 694 [1971]).
Envirogenics Co. (Off. Saline Water Res. Develop. Progr. Rept. No. 762 [1971]).
R. Brun, Y. Duriau, P. Dussaussoy (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 329/38; Chim. Ind. Genie Chim. 103 [1970] 1639/42).
P. Treille (Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Dubrovnik 1970, Vol. 2, p. 601/13).
P. Treille, J. M. Rovel (Proc. 4th Intern. Symp. Fresh Water Sea, Heidelberg 1973, Vol. 4, p. 425/34).
L. A. Kul’skii, D. D. Kucheruk (Vodopodgotovka Ochistka Prom. Stokov 1972 No. 9, p. 171/3: C.A. 78 [1973] No. 62021).
J. S. Johnson, J. W. McCutchan (Desalination 10 [1972] 147/56).
J. S. Johnson, J. W. McCutchan (AIChE [Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs.] Symp. Ser. 69 No. 129 [1973] 493/507).
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Delyannis, A.A., Delyannis, E.A. (1974). Ionic Processes. In: Sauerstoff. O. Sauerstoff. Oxygen (System-Nr. 3), vol O / 0 / 0. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13336-1_3
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