Abstract
The acceleration of electrons in the electrostatic field between cathode and anode, the action of magnetic fields with axial symmetry as electron lenses and the application of transverse magnetic and electrostatic fields for electron-beam deflection and electron spectroscopy can be analysed by applying the laws of relativistic mechanics and hence calculating electron trajectories. Lens aberrations can likewise be introduced and evaluated by this kind of particle optics. In the case of spherical aberration, however, it will also be necessary to express this error in terms of a phase shift, known as the wave aberration, by using the wave-optical model introduced in the next chapter.
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Reimer, L. (1997). Particle Optics of Electrons. In: Transmission Electron Microscopy. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-14824-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-14824-2_2
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