Skip to main content

Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Defects in Langerhans Cell Function

  • Chapter
The Immune Functions of Epidermal Langerhans Cells

Part of the book series: Medical Intelligence Unit ((MIU.LANDES))

  • 30 Accesses

Abstract

Skin, after exposure to sunlight, exhibits a sequence of predictable changes, including redness (erythema), immediate pigment darkening and tanning, followed later by premature aging and cancer. Although electromagnetic radiation that reaches the earth contains a spectrum of energies, ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared, it is UV radiation in spectrum B (UVB: 290–320 nm) and spectrum A (UVA: 320–400 nm) that are responsible for the majority of these changes. On the other hand, UVA and UVB radiation are unequal in their capacities to affect skin. Specifically, UVB is more efficient in producing erythema and cancer, whereas UVA is the primary cause of immediate pigment darkening and aging.1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Shea CR, Parrish JA. Nonionizing Radiation and the Skin. In: Goldsmith LA, ed. Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of the Skin. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991: 910 - 27.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cruz Jr PD, Bergstresser PR. The influence of ultraviolet radiation and other physical and chemical agents on epidermal Langerhans cells. In: Schuler G, ed. Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993: 253 - 71.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kripke ML. Immunology and photocarcinogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 14: 149 - 55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Stingl G, Hauser C, Wolff K. The epidermis: an immunologic microenvironment. In: Fitzpatrick TB, ed. Dermatology in General Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill and Co., 1993: 172 - 97.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Aiba S, Nakagawa S, Ozawa H et al. Up-regulation of 4 integrin on activated Langerhans cells: analysis of adhesion molecules on Langerhans cells relating to their migration from skin to draining lymph nodes. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100: 143 - 7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Barker JN, Mitra RS, Griffiths CE et al. Keratinocytes as initiators of inflammation. Lancet 1991; 337: 211 - 4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Toews GB, Bergstresser PR, Streilein JW. Epidermal Langerhans cell density determines whether contact hypersensitivity or unresponsiveness follows skin painting with DNFB. J Immunol 1980; 134: 445 - 53.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Spencer M-J, Vestey JP, Tidman MJ et al. Major histocompatibility class II antigen expression on the surface of epidermal cells from normal and ultraviolet B irradiated subjects. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100: 16 - 22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Elmets CA, Bergstresser PR, Tigelaar RE et al. Analysis of the mechanism of unresponsiveness produced by haptens painted on skin exposed to low dose ultraviolet radiation. J Exp Med 1983; 158: 781 - 94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Elmets CA, LeVine MJ, Bickers DR. Action spectrum studies for induction of immunologic unresponsiveness to dinitrobenzene following in vivo low dose ultraviolet radiation. Photochem Photobiol 1985; 42: 391 - 7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yoshikawa T, Rae V, Bruins-Slot W et al. Susceptibility to effects of UVB radiation on induction of contact hypersensitivity as a risk factor for skin cancer in humans. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 95: 530 - 6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cooper KD, Oberhelman L, Hamilton TA et al. UV exposure reduces immunization rates and promotes tolerance to epicutaneous antigens in humans: relationship to dose, CD 1 a DR’ epidermal macrophage induction, and Langerhans cell depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 8497 - 8501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Alcalay J, Kripke ML. Antigen-presenting activity of draining lymph node cells from mice painted with a contact allergen during ultraviolet carcinogenesis. J Immunol 1991; 146: 1717 - 21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wolf P, Donawho CK, Kripke ML. Analysis of the protective effect of different sunscreens on ultraviolet radiation-induced local and systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses in mice. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100: 254 - 9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Streilein JW, Bergstresser PR. Genetic basis of ultraviolet B effects on contact hypersensitivity. Immunogenetics 1988; 27: 252 - 8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Streilein JW. Sunlight and skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT): If UVB is the trigger and TNF is its mediator, what is the message? J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100: 47S - 52S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Vincek V, Kurimoto I, Medema JP et al. Tumor necrosis factor a polymorphism correlates with deleterious effects of ultraviolet B light on cutaneous immunity. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 728 - 32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Tang A, Udey MC. Doses of ultraviolet radiation that modulate accessory cell activity and ICAM-1 expression are ultimately cytotoxic for murine epidermal Langerhans cells. J Invest Dermatol 1992; 99: 71S - 73S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hammerberg C, Duraiswamy N, Cooper KD. Active induction of unresponsiveness (tolerance) to DNFB by in vivo ultraviolet-exposed epidermal cells is dependent upon infiltrating class II MHC+ CD 11 b bright (superscript) monocyte/macrophagic cells. J Immunol 1994; 153: 4915 - 24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Girolomoni G, Cruz Jr PD, Bergstresser PR. Internalization and acidification of surface HLA-DR molecules by epidermal Langerhans cells: A paradigm for antigen processing. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94: 753 - 60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Stingl G, Gazze-Stingi LA, Aberer W et al. Antigen presentation by murine epidermal Langerhans cells and its alteration by UVB light. J Immunol 1981; 127: 1707 - 13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sauder DN, Tamaki K, Moshell AN et al. Introduction of tolerance to topically applied TNCB using TNP-conjugated ultraviolet light-irradiated epidermal cells. J Immunol 1981; 127: 261 - 6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sullivan S, Bergstresser PR, Tigelaar RE et al. Induction and regulation of contact hypersensitivity by resident, bone marrow-derived, dendritic epidermal cells: Langerhans cells and Thy-P epidermal cells. J Immunol 1986; 137: 2460 - 7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cruz Jr PD, Tigelaar RE, Bergstresser PR. Langerhans cells that migrate to skin after intravenous infusion regulate the induction of contact hypersensitivity. J Immunol 1990; 144: 2486 - 92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Simon JC, Cruz PD, Bergstresser PR et al. Low dose ultraviolet B-irradiated Langerhans cells preferentially activate CD4’ cells of the T helper 2 subset. J Immunol 1990; 145: 2087 - 91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mosmann TR, Schumacher JH, Street NE et al. Diversity of cytokine synthesis and function of mouse CD4’ T cells. Immunol Rev 1991; 123: 209 - 29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Simon JC, Tigelaar RE, Bergstresser PR et al. UVB radiation converts Langerhans cells from immunogenic to tolerogenic antigen presenting cells. Induction of specific clonal anergy in CD4’ T helper 1 cells. J Immunol 1991; 146: 485 - 91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gimmi CD, Freeman GJ, Gribben JG et al. Human T-cell clonal anergy is induced by antigen presentation in the absence of B7 costimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 6586 - 90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Enk AH, Angeloni VL, Udey MC et al. An essential role for Langerhans cell-derived IL-113 in the initiation of primary immune responses in skin. J Immunol 1993; 150: 3698 - 704.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Xu S, Ariizumi K, Caceres-Dittmar G et al. Successive generation of antigen-presenting, dendritic cell lines from murine epidermis. J Immunol 1994; 154: 2697 - 705.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Xu S, Ariizumi K, Edelbaum D et al. Cytokine-dependent regulation of growth and maturation in murine epidermal dendritic cell lines. Eur J Immunol 1995; in press.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Caceres-Dittmar G, Ariizumi K, Xu S et al. Hydrogen peroxide mediates UVB-induced impairment of antigen presentation and downregulation of IL-10 mRNA expression in a murine epidermal-derived dendritic cell line. Photochem Photobiol 1995; in press.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Tang A, Udey MC. Differential sensitivity of freshly isolated and cultured murine Langerhans cells to ultraviolet B radiation and chemical fixation. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22: 581 - 6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tang A, Udey MC. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on murine epidermal Langerhans cells: doses of ultraviolet radiation that modulate ICAM 1 (CD54) expression and inhibit Langerhans cell function cause delayed cytotoxicity in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 1992; 99: 83 - 9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Norris DA, Lyons MD, Middleton MH et al. Ultraviolet radiation can either suppress or induce expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on the surface of cultured human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 95: 132 - 8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Norris P, Poston RN, Thomas DS et al. The expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in experimental cutaneous inflammation: a comparison of ultraviolet B erythema and delayed hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 96: 763 - 70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kupper TS, Chua AO, Flood P et al. Interleukin 1 gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes is augmented by ultraviolet irradiation. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 430 - 6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kock A, Schwarz T, Kirnbauer R et al. Human keratinocytes are a source for tumor necrosis factor: evidence for synthesis and release upon stimulation with endotoxin or ultraviolet light. J Exp Med 1990; 172: 1609 - 14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Riva JM, Ullrich SE. Systemic suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity by supernatants from UV-irradiated keratinocytes. An essential role for keratinocyte-derived IL-10. J Immunol 1992; 149: 3865 - 71.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gallo RL, Staszewski R, Sauder DN et al. Regulation of GM-CSF and IL-3 production from the murine keratinocyte cell line PAM 212 following exposure to ultraviolet radiation. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 97: 203-9(abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Krutmann J, Schwarz T, Kirnbauer R et al. Epidermal cell-contrainterleukin 1 inhibits human accessory function by specifically blocking interleukin 1 activity. Photochem Photobiol 1990; 52: 783 - 8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Schwarz T, Urbanska A, Gschnait F et al. UV-irradiated epidermal cells produce a specific inhibitor of interleukin 1 activity. J Immunol 1987; 138: 1457 - 63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Enk AH, Angeloni VL, Udey MC et al. Inhibition of Langerhans cell antigen-presenting function by IL-10. A role for IL-10 in induction of tolerance. J Immunol 1993; 151: 2390 - 8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kang K, Hammberberg C, Meunier L et al. CD11b’ macrophages that infiltrate human epidermis after in vivo ultraviolet exposure potently produce IL-10 and represent the major secretory source of epidermal IL-10 protein. J Immunol 1994; 153: 5256 - 64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Moodycliffe AM, Kimber I, Norval M. The effect of ultraviolet B irradiation and urocanic acid isomers on dendritic cell migration. Immunology 1992; 77: 394 - 9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Coohill TP. Photobiology School. Action spectra again? Photochem Photobiol 1991; 54: 859 - 70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Noonan FP, DeFabo EC. Immunosuppression by ultraviolet B radiation: initiation by urocanic acid. Immunol Today 1992; 13: 250 - 4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. DeFabo EC, Noonan FP. Mechanism of immune suppression by ultraviolet irradiation in vivo: evidence for the existence of a unique photoreceptor in skin and its role in photoimmunology. J Exp Med 1983; 157: 84 - 98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Norval M, Simpson TJ, Bardshiri E et al. Urocanic acid analogues and the suppression of the delayed type hypersensitivity response to Herpes simplex virus. Photochem Photobiol 1989; 49: 633 - 9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Reilly SK, DeFabo EC. Dietary histidine increases mouse skin urocanic acid levels and enhances UV-induced immune suppression of contact hypersensitivity. Photochem Photobiol 1991; 53: 431 - 8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Norval M, Gilmour JW, Simpson TJ. The effect of histamine receptor antagonists on immunosuppression induced by the cis-isomer of urocanic acid. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1990; 7: 243 - 8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Applegate LA, Ley RD, Alcalay J et al. Identification of the molecular target for the suppression of contact hypersensitivity by ultraviolet radiation. J Exp Med 1989; 170: 1117 - 31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kripke ML, Cox PA, Lori GA et al. Pyrimidine dimers in the DNA initiate systemic immunosuppression in UV-irradiated mice. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 7516 - 29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Angel P, Karin M. The role of Jun, Fos, and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation. Biochem Biophys Acta 1991; 1072: 129 - 57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sukhatme VP. The Egr transcription factor family: From signal transduction to kidney differentiation. Kidney International 1992; 41: 550 - 3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Devary Y, Rosett C, DiDonato JA et al. NF-kappa B activation by ultraviolet light not dependent on a nuclear signal. Science 1993; 261: 1442 - 5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Devary Y, Engelberg D, Klein C et al. The UV response involving the Ras signaling pathway and AP-1 transcription factors is conserved between yeast and mammals. Cell 1994; 77: 381 - 90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Derijard B, Hibi M, Wu IH et al. JNK1: a protein kinase stimulated by UV light and Ha-Ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-Jun activation domain. Cell 1994; 76: 1025 - 37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Devary Y, Gottlieb RA, Smeal T et al. The mammalian ultraviolet response is triggered by activation of Src tyrosine kinases. Cell 1992; 71: 1081 - 91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Simon MM, Aragane Y, Schwarz A et al. UVB light induces nuclear factor B (NFxB) activity independently from chromosomal DNA damage in cell-free cytosolic extracts. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102: 422 - 7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Garmyn M, Yaar M, Boileau N et al. Effect of aging and habitual sun exposure on the genetic response of cultured human keratinocytes to solar-simulated irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 1992; 99: 743 - 8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Roddy PK, Garmyn M, Park H-Y et al. Ultraviolet irradiation induces c-fos but not c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene expression in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102: 296 - 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Ariizumi K, Bergstresser PR, Takashima A. Wavelength-specific induction of immediate early genes by ultraviolet radiation. Photochem Photobiol 1995; submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Vermeer M, Schmieder GJ, Yoshikawa T et al. Effects of ultraviolet B light on cutaneous immune responses of humans with deeply pigmented skin. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 97: 729 - 34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Gurish MF, Roberts LK, Krueger GG et al. The effect of various sunscreen agents on skin damage and the induction of tumor susceptibility in mice subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 1981; 76: 246 - 51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Morison WL. The effect of a sunscreen containing para-aminobenzoic acid on the systemic immunologic alterations induced in mice by exposure to UVB radiation. J Invest Dermatol 1984; 83: 405 - 8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Fisher MS, Menter JM, Willis I. Ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity in relation to padimate O and oxybenzone. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 92: 337 - 41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Reeve VE, Bosnic M, Boehm-Wilcox C et al. Differential protection by two sunscreens from UV radiation-induced immunosuppression. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 97: 624 - 8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bergstresser, P.R., Takashima, A. (1995). Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Defects in Langerhans Cell Function. In: The Immune Functions of Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22497-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22497-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-22499-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-22497-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics