Abstract
Creating a transit-oriented built environment and implementing the important economic policy of transport subsidy are effective means to promote the use and accelerate the development of public transit. The importance of the transport economic policy must not be ignored because a policy preference will possibly affect travel behavior to a great extent. Taking subsidy as an angle and the city Nanjing as an example, this article focused on analyzing and comparing the operating subsidy and disguised external cost subsidy for public transit and cars use. The result showed that the unit subsidy for cars is 11.8 times of that for public transit. This is extremely unfair and it goes against the established transit-oriented development direction. Furthermore, this article, based on stated preference survey data, analyzed the transfer of travel mode on the condition that free parking is cancelled. The result showed that more than 1/3 customers would turn to public transit and slow-moving traffic under that condition. In conclusion, this article brought forward policy suggestions, such as eliminating the subsidy for parking prices, setting maximum index of appertaining parking facilities instead of minimum index, subsidizing public transit, and increasing car-using tax, in order to achieve society equity and transit-oriented development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abou-Zeid M, Witter R, Bierlaire M, Kaufmann V, Ben-Akiva M (2012) Happiness and travel mode switching: findings from a Swiss public transportation experiment. Transp Policy 19(1):93–104
Bly PH, Oldfield RH (1986) The effects of public transport subsidies on demand and supply. Transp Res Part A Gen 20(6):415–427
Downs A (1992) Stuck in traffic: coping with peak-hour traffic congestion. Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC
Hao J, Zhou W, Huang H, Guan H (2009) Calculating model of urban public transit subsidy. J Transp Syst Eng Inf Technol 9(2):11–16
Heinen E, van Wee B, Maat K (2010) Commuting by bicycle: an overview of the literature. Transp Rev 30(1):59–96
Land Transport Authority (LTA) (2013) Land transport masterplan. LTA, Singapore
Litman T (2005) Part 2: rail transit and commuter rail: impacts of rail transit on the performance of a transportation system. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1930(1):21–29
Nanjing Urban Planning Bureau (2011) Nanjing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Nanjing Transportation Bureau, Nanjing Institute of City & Transport Planning Co., Ltd., Annual Report on Transport Development in 2010 of Nanjing (in Chinese)
Sakai H, Shoji K (2010) The effect of governmental subsidies and the contractual model on the publicly-owned bus sector in Japan. Res Transp Econ 29(1):60–71
Savage I, Schupp A (1997) Evaluating transit subsidies in Chicago. J Public Transp 1:93–117
Shoup DC (1997) The high cost of free parking. J Plan Educ Res 17(1):3–20
Shoup DC (1999) The trouble with minimum parking requirements. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 33(7):549–574
Small KA, Verhoef ET (2007) The economics of urban transportation. Routledge, London and New York
Susuki H, Cervero R, Iuchi K (2013) Transforming cities with transit: transit and land-use integration for sustainable urban development. The World Bank, Washington, DC
Wachs M (1993) Learning from Los Angeles: urban form, and air quality. Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles
Wang R (2011) Autos, transit and bicycles: comparing the costs in large Chinese cities. Transp Policy 18(1):139–146
Willson RW (1995) Suburban parking requirements: a tacit policy for automobile use and sprawl. J Am Plann Assoc 61(1):29–42
Willson RW (2013) Parking reform made easy. Island Press, Washington, DC
Willson RW, Shoup DC (1990) Parking subsidies and travel choices: assessing the evidence. Transportation 17(2):141–157
Yang Y, Qi K, Qian K, Xu Q, Yang L (2010) Public transport subsidies based on passenger volume. J Transp Syst Eng Inf Technol 10(3):69–74
Acknowledgments
This research work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51308281) and Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. BK2012728).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shi, F. (2015). Research on Transport Subsidies for Public Transit and Cars. In: Feng, S., Huang, W., Wang, J., Wang, M., Zha, J. (eds) Low-carbon City and New-type Urbanization. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45969-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45969-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45968-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45969-0
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)