Abstract
This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of radical polymerization. Typical monomers, initiators, and transfer and termination reagents are discussed. Furthermore, the kinetic equations, the degree of polymerization, and molar mass distribution are derived.
Notes
- 1.
The concept of a quasi-stationary state involves the assumption that the change in the concentration of intermediate products (here P •) can be neglected when compared with changes in the concentration of educts (here M) and products (here P) (Frost and Pearson 1964)
- 2.
For polystyrene methanol is a suitable non-solvent. Extensive information about solvents and non-solvents can be found, for example, in Brandrup and Immergut (1989).
- 3.
During the polymerization, the Van der Waals distances between monomer molecules are replaced by covalent bonds which are shorter so that the polymer usually has a greater density than the monomers.
References
Benoit D, Chaplinski V, Braslau R, Hawker CJ (1999) Development of a universal alkoxyamine for “living” free radical polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 121:3904–3920
Benoit D, Grimaldi S, Robin S, Finet J-P, Tordo P, Gnanou Y (2000) Kinetics and mechanism of controlled free-radical polymerization of styrene and n-butylacrylate in the presence of an acyclic beta-phosphonylated nitroxide. J Am Chem Soc 122:5929–5939
Brandrup J, Immergut EH (1989) Polymer handbook, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
Delduc R, Tailhan C, Zard SZ (1988) A convenient source of alkyl and acyl radicals. J Chem Soc Chem Commun: 308–310
Flory PJ (1953) Principles of polymer chemistry, vol VIII. Cornell University Press, New York
Frost AA, Pearson RG (1964) Kinetik und Mechanismus homogener chemischer Reaktionen, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
Georges MK, Veregin RPM, Kazmaier PM, Hamer GK (1993) Narrow molecular weight resins by a free-radical polymerization process. Macromolecules 26:2987–2988
Hawker CJ, Bosman AW, Harth E (2001) New polymer synthesis by nitroxide mediated living radical polymerizations. Chem Rev 101:3661–3688
Henricí-Olivé G, Olive S (1969) Polymerisation. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
Kato M, Kamigaito M, Sawamoto M, Higashimura T (1995) Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with the carbon tetrachloride/dichlorotris-(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) methylaluminum bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) initiating system: possibility of living polymerization. Macromolecules 28:1721–1723
Raether B, Modery B, Braun F, Brinkmann-Rengel S, Christie D, Haremza S. WO 0144327 (2001) BASF AG, Inv.; Chem Abstr 135:61763
Schulz GV (1939) The kinetics of chain polymerization, V. The effect of various reaction species on the multimolecularity. Z Physik Chemie B43:25–46
Solomon DH, Rizzardo E, Cacioli P (1985) Eur Pat Appl EP135280. Chem Abstr 102:221335q
Wang J-S, Matyjaszewski K (1995) Controlled/“living” radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition metal complexes. J Am Chem Soc 117:5614–5615
Wieland P (2003) Das DPE-System—Ein neues Konzept für die kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisation. Dissertation, TU München
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koltzenburg, S., Maskos, M., Nuyken, O. (2017). Radical Polymerization. In: Polymer Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49279-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49279-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-49277-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-49279-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)