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Hypoxic Energy Metabolism and PPi as an Alternative Energy Currency

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Low-Oxygen Stress in Plants

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 21))

Abstract

During periods of oxygen-deficiency stress, mitochondrial respiration in plants is strongly inhibited and ATP production decreases. One potential strategy to cope with this energy crisis is the induction of enzymes that use pyrophosphate (PPi) as the energy source as an alternative to ATP-using enzymes. Four enzymatic pathways in plant primary metabolism are discussed here in the context of available gene expression and proteomic studies as well as mutant analyses. One PPi-dependent pathway, sucrose cleavage by sucrose synthase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, is clearly important for plant hypoxic metabolism, while the impact of the other three enzymes, pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase, pyruvate-orthophosphate dikinase, and vacuolar proton-transporting pyrophosphorylase in plants remains unclear and needs to be studied further. The latter three enzymes could be potentially involved in the flooding tolerance of species such as Rorippa sylvestris or Oryza sativa as indicated by gene expression and activity data.

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Abbreviations

H+-PPase:

vacuolar PPi-dependent proton pump

PEP:

Phosphoenolpyruvate

PEPC:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

PEPCK:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PF2K:

Phosphofructo-2-kinase

PFK:

Phosphofructokinase

PFP:

Pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase

PK:

Pyruvate kinase

PPDK:

Pyruvate-orthophosphate dikinase

PPi:

Inorganic pyrophosphate

SuSy:

Sucrose synthase

UGPase:

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Alex Boonman (Monsanto Vegetable Seeds Division, Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands) for providing data on Rorippa species, and Maria Bongartz, Willi Riber, and Philipp Gasch (University Bayreuth, Germany) for critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    Angelika Mustroph & Natalia Hess

  2. Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Rashmi Sasidharan

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  1. Angelika Mustroph
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  2. Natalia Hess
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  3. Rashmi Sasidharan
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Correspondence to Angelika Mustroph .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Joost T. van Dongen

  2. Scuola Superiore Sant´Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Francesco Licausi

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Mustroph, A., Hess, N., Sasidharan, R. (2014). Hypoxic Energy Metabolism and PPi as an Alternative Energy Currency. In: van Dongen, J., Licausi, F. (eds) Low-Oxygen Stress in Plants. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 21. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1254-0_9

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